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Saint Columba of Iona, Enlightener of Scotland (+ 597) (June 9th)

2023.06.09 18:46 IrinaSophia Saint Columba of Iona, Enlightener of Scotland (+ 597) (June 9th)

A poet, prophet and monk of royal Irish lineage, Columba went to Scotland to evangelize the pagan Picts. He was a student of Finnian of Clonard. His name means “Dove of the Church.”
Columba was born into a royal clan in Donegal, Ireland. He called Christ “his druid,” or teacher. Columcille, his Irish name, or Columba, as he is known in Latin Britain, founded the monasteries of Derry and Durrow in his native Ireland, and the island monastery of Iona on the coast of Scotland. Iona was the center of operations for the conversion of the Scots and Picts, and became the most famous monastic complex in Scotland. There Columba baptized Brude, King of the Picts, and later a King of the Scots came to this Abbot of the "Holy Isle" for baptism. All of these monasteries had oak groves, the favorite trees of the druids.
He was a scholar and writer who found great joy in solitude. A sixth century poem describes him as a gentle sage “with faith in Christ,” and states that “being a priest was but one of his callings.” Adomnan, an early biographer, writes, “Angelic in appearance, elegant in address, holy in work, he would never spend the space of even one hour without study or prayer or writing.” He radiated a divine and celestial light, and is known for the booming power of his voice, and for his amazing authority over the winds and seas and all the natural world. He had such a deep love for the woods and for all of God’s creation that he made sure that his monastery was built without a tree being cut down. In one of his poems, he wrote that he was more afraid of the sound of an axe in Derrywood, a nearby forest, than he was of the voice of hell itself.
Having founded what is reputed to be the largest monastery in Christendom on the coastal island of Iona, which became a great center of learning and from which monasticism spread throughout Northern Europe, Columba died on Iona in 597. Chronicles of his life appeared in the following century, most notably from Saint Adomnan, who attributed to him many prophecies, visions and miracles, not least of which was warding off the Loch Ness monster with the sign of the cross.
The following was said of Saint Columba by the Venerable Bede (Ecclesiastical History of the English Nation, Bk. 3, Ch. 4):
In the year of our Lord 565, when Justin the Younger, the successor of Justinian, had the government of the Roman Empire, there came into Britain a famous priest and abbot, a monk by habit and life, whose name was Columba, to preach the word of God to the provinces of the northern Picts, who are separated from the southern parts by steep and rugged mountains; for the southern Picts, who dwell on this side of those mountains, had long before, as is reported, forsaken the errors of idolatry, and embraced the truth, by the preaching of Ninias, a most reverend bishop and holy man of the British nation, who had been regularly instructed at Rome, in the faith and mysteries of the truth; whose episcopal see, named after Saint Martin the bishop, and famous for a stately church (wherein he and many other saints rest in the body), is still in existence among the English nation. The place belongs to the province of the Bernicians, and is generally called the White House, because he there built a church of stone, which was not usual among the Britons.
Columba came into Britain in the ninth year of the reign of Brude, who was the son of Meilochon, and the powerful king of the Pictish nation, and he converted that nation to the faith of Christ, by his preaching and example, whereupon he also received of them the aforesaid island for a monastery, for it is not very large, but contains about five families, according to the English computation. His successors hold the island to this day; he was also buried therein, having died at the age of seventy-seven, about thirty-two years after he came into Britain to preach. Before he passed over into Britain, he had built a noble monastery in Ireland, which, from the great number of oaks, is in the Scottish tongue called Dearmach - The Field of Oaks. From both of these monasteries, many others had their beginning through his disciples, both in Britain and Ireland; but the monastery in the island where his body lies, is the principal of them all.
That island has for its ruler an abbot, who is a priest, to whose direction all the province, and even the bishops, contrary to the usual method, are subject, according to the example of their first teacher, who was not a bishop, but a priest and monk; of whose life and discourses some Writings are said to be preserved by his disciples. But whatsoever he was himself, this we know for certain, that he left successors renowned for their continency, their love of God, and observance of monastic rules. It is true they followed uncertain rules in their observance of the great festival, as having none to bring them the synodal decrees for the observance of Easter, by reason of their being so far away from the rest of the world; wherefore they only practiced such works of piety and chastity as they could learn from the prophetical, evangelical, and apostolical writings. This manner of keeping Easter continued among them for the space of 150 years, till the year of our Lord's incarnation 715.
(from johnsanidopoulos.com)
submitted by IrinaSophia to OrthodoxGreece [link] [comments]

2023.06.09 18:13 IrinaSophia Saint Columba of Iona, Enlightener of Scotland (+ 597) (June 9th)

A poet, prophet and monk of royal Irish lineage, Columba went to Scotland to evangelize the pagan Picts. He was a student of Finnian of Clonard. His name means “Dove of the Church.”
Columba was born into a royal clan in Donegal, Ireland. He called Christ “his druid,” or teacher. Columcille, his Irish name, or Columba, as he is known in Latin Britain, founded the monasteries of Derry and Durrow in his native Ireland, and the island monastery of Iona on the coast of Scotland. Iona was the center of operations for the conversion of the Scots and Picts, and became the most famous monastic complex in Scotland. There Columba baptized Brude, King of the Picts, and later a King of the Scots came to this Abbot of the "Holy Isle" for baptism. All of these monasteries had oak groves, the favorite trees of the druids.
He was a scholar and writer who found great joy in solitude. A sixth century poem describes him as a gentle sage “with faith in Christ,” and states that “being a priest was but one of his callings.” Adomnan, an early biographer, writes, “Angelic in appearance, elegant in address, holy in work, he would never spend the space of even one hour without study or prayer or writing.” He radiated a divine and celestial light, and is known for the booming power of his voice, and for his amazing authority over the winds and seas and all the natural world. He had such a deep love for the woods and for all of God’s creation that he made sure that his monastery was built without a tree being cut down. In one of his poems, he wrote that he was more afraid of the sound of an axe in Derrywood, a nearby forest, than he was of the voice of hell itself.
Having founded what is reputed to be the largest monastery in Christendom on the coastal island of Iona, which became a great center of learning and from which monasticism spread throughout Northern Europe, Columba died on Iona in 597. Chronicles of his life appeared in the following century, most notably from Saint Adomnan, who attributed to him many prophecies, visions and miracles, not least of which was warding off the Loch Ness monster with the sign of the cross.
The following was said of Saint Columba by the Venerable Bede (Ecclesiastical History of the English Nation, Bk. 3, Ch. 4):
In the year of our Lord 565, when Justin the Younger, the successor of Justinian, had the government of the Roman Empire, there came into Britain a famous priest and abbot, a monk by habit and life, whose name was Columba, to preach the word of God to the provinces of the northern Picts, who are separated from the southern parts by steep and rugged mountains; for the southern Picts, who dwell on this side of those mountains, had long before, as is reported, forsaken the errors of idolatry, and embraced the truth, by the preaching of Ninias, a most reverend bishop and holy man of the British nation, who had been regularly instructed at Rome, in the faith and mysteries of the truth; whose episcopal see, named after Saint Martin the bishop, and famous for a stately church (wherein he and many other saints rest in the body), is still in existence among the English nation. The place belongs to the province of the Bernicians, and is generally called the White House, because he there built a church of stone, which was not usual among the Britons.
Columba came into Britain in the ninth year of the reign of Brude, who was the son of Meilochon, and the powerful king of the Pictish nation, and he converted that nation to the faith of Christ, by his preaching and example, whereupon he also received of them the aforesaid island for a monastery, for it is not very large, but contains about five families, according to the English computation. His successors hold the island to this day; he was also buried therein, having died at the age of seventy-seven, about thirty-two years after he came into Britain to preach. Before he passed over into Britain, he had built a noble monastery in Ireland, which, from the great number of oaks, is in the Scottish tongue called Dearmach - The Field of Oaks. From both of these monasteries, many others had their beginning through his disciples, both in Britain and Ireland; but the monastery in the island where his body lies, is the principal of them all.
That island has for its ruler an abbot, who is a priest, to whose direction all the province, and even the bishops, contrary to the usual method, are subject, according to the example of their first teacher, who was not a bishop, but a priest and monk; of whose life and discourses some Writings are said to be preserved by his disciples. But whatsoever he was himself, this we know for certain, that he left successors renowned for their continency, their love of God, and observance of monastic rules. It is true they followed uncertain rules in their observance of the great festival, as having none to bring them the synodal decrees for the observance of Easter, by reason of their being so far away from the rest of the world; wherefore they only practiced such works of piety and chastity as they could learn from the prophetical, evangelical, and apostolical writings. This manner of keeping Easter continued among them for the space of 150 years, till the year of our Lord's incarnation 715.
(from johnsanidopoulos.com)
submitted by IrinaSophia to OrthodoxChristianity [link] [comments]

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2023.06.06 23:44 InternetTraumatized An overview of the eschatology of some early saints

St. Justin Martyr (Dialogue with Trypho, ch. 80-81) says that there will be a first resurrection of the righteous where they dwell in a rebuilt Jerusalem for 1,000 years (keep in mind that Jerusalem had recently been destroyed due to the failure of the Bar Kokhba revolt), based off Isaiah 44 and 65 ("There shall be the new heaven and the new earth, and the former shall not be remembered, or come into their heart; but they shall find joy and gladness in it, which things I create. For, Behold, I make Jerusalem a rejoicing, and My people a joy; and I shall rejoice over Jerusalem, and be glad over My people ... According to the days of the tree of life shall be the days of my people," understanding the days of the tree of life to refer to 1,000 years since Genesis 5-11 shows the years of mankind decreasing further and further away from the number 1,000 corresponding to life in Paradise) as well as Revelation 20:4-6,9 ("And they lived and reigned with Christ for a thousand years. But the rest of the dead did not live again until the thousand years were finished. This is the first resurrection. Blessed and holy is he who has part in the first resurrection. Over such the second death has no power, but they shall be priests of God and of Christ, and shall reign with Him a thousand years ... They [the nations] went up on the breadth of the earth and surrounded the camp of the saints and the beloved city"). Justin, however, also points out that some Orthodox Christians believe in this and some don't, and it's a matter of opinion alone. He doesn't say what the alternative might be however.
St. Irenaeus of Lyons (Against Heresies 5, ch. 25-36) says that at the end an unlawful and evil king will come, Antichrist, the summary of all demonic apostasy in history, who will take his seat in a rebuilt temple in Jerusalem (Matthew 24:15-21, 2 Thessalonians 2:3-4).
Because the apostasy of Antichrist will recapitulate all apostasy, these events will also be the recapitulation of world history, and happen around the 6,000th year of creation; Genesis 1 must be understood as a prophecy, since one day is as a thousand years for the Lord (Psalm 90:4, 2 Peter 3:8). The first advent was halfway through the 6th day; the coming of Antichrist and the last great tribulation will be at the end of the 6th day as the culmination of everything that happened before. This is signified by the name of Antichrist, 666. 666 also signifies this by how, at the time of the apostasy leading to the flood, Noah was 600 years old (Genesis 7:6), and at the time of the persecution of God's people in Babylon, which itself was a prefiguration of the tribulation to come, King Nebuchadnezzar made an idolatrous status 60 cubits tall and 6 cubits wide (Daniel 3:1). This means Antichrist, and soon after him Christ, will come around the 6th century AD, following the chronology of the Septuagint.
The Roman Empire will begin to fall apart (Matthew 12:25) and be partitioned among ten kings, among whom the eighth will rise above the others, slaying three of the kings, to be the Antichrist and rule for 3.5 years during which he persecutes the Church as the Empire falls further apart (Daniel 2:33,41-43, 7:7-8,23-25, Revelation 17:3-18). It is this Antichrist of whom St. Paul speaks in 2 Thessalonians 2:8-12. He will come suddenly (1 Thessalonians 5:3) and will be a Hebrew from the tribe of Dan (Jeremiah 8:14-17) which is why this tribe is not given the promised inheritance (Revelation 7:4-8).
Because the existence of Antichrist will be permitted so as to recapitulate all apostasy and separate the righteous from the wicked as a great final exercise (Matthew 3:12, 13:24-30), God will confirm the wicked in their delusion (2 Thessalonians 2:11-12). Antichrist is the beast of the sea described in Revelation 13:1-10. His armor-bearer, the false prophet, is the beast of the earth described in Revelation 13:11-17.
He is the unjust judge the Lord speaks of in Luke 18:1-8, and the one who comes in his own name in John 5:43. The widow in Luke 18 is the unbelieving Jewish people, who will go to the Antichrist for help, and in response he will make a rebuilt Jerusalem his capital city and a rebuilt temple his house, during which time he will persecute the true temple which is the Church (Daniel 8:9-14,23-25). This is the last half-week of the prophecy of the 70 weeks (Daniel 9:27).
When the Lord comes to destroy him (Daniel 2:35,44, 7:9-14,21-22,26-27, 8:25), together with all the nations which will have become his servants (Isaiah 6:9-13, 13:6-22, 26:10-11), the saints will be resurrected. It must be so: we imitate our Lord (Luke 6:40) and therefore, just as He died, then rose from the dead, then ascended to the Father, we also must die, then rise from the dead, then ascend to the Father. It is at this first resurrection that the promise of the old covenant will be fulfilled (Genesis 13:14-15, 15:18-21, 27:28-29), it is the restoration promised by the prophets (Isaiah 26:19, 30:23-26, 58:13-14, Jeremiah 23:3-8, Ezekiel 28:25-26, 37:11-28), it is the kingdom and reward Christ speaks of (Matthew 19:29, 26:27, Luke 12:37-38, 14:12-13).
The saints will then rule in a beautified Jerusalem (Isaiah 54:11-12, Baruch 5) for 1,000 years (Isaiah 65:17-25, Revelation 20:4-9), the true Sabbath.
After this, heaven and earth will pass away (Matthew 24:35, 1 Corinthian 7:31, Revelation 20:11) as the remaining dead will rise and all will be judged (Revelation 20:10-15). Then a new heaven and earth will be established (Isaiah 65:17-18) and the Jerusalem from above, which the Jerusalem from below is patterned after (Exodus 25:40), will come down and the saints will live in it for eternity (Galatians 4:26, Revelation 21:1-6).
St. Clement of Alexandria does not indulge in eschatology, but he does indicate the alternate tradition that Justin may have been referring to. While Justin and Irenaeus interpret the Old Testament to not have been entirely fulfilled yet, Clement takes a different approach and sees the Old Testament as entirely fulfilled within the time frame of the New Testament. We see this when he discusses the prophecy of the 70 weeks. Whereas Irenaeus sees the last half-week as referring to the Antichrist, Clement sees it as referring to Vespasian, and sees the abomination of desolation not to be the Antichrist taking his seat in a rebuilt temple in the future, but as something that already took place under Vespasian.
St. Hippolytus of Rome considers that the Antichrist, a Hebrew from the tribe of Dan (Genesis 49:16-18, Deuteronomy 33:22, Jeremiah 8:14-17), will defeat in battle the kings of Egypt, Libya and Ethiopia (Daniel 11:43), in a battle over who should rule over the Empire, while the Ammonites and Moabites become his willful subjects (Isaiah 11:11-14, Daniel 11:41). As a result of his victory he will begin to think himself to be God, and will move on to assault Tyre and Sidon (Isaiah 23:4-5), and it is him whom Isaiah 14:3-21 and Ezekiel 28:1-19 refer to. Then he will try to convince the unbelieving Jews that he is the Messiah by gathering them again from the dispersion and re-establishing the kingdom of Israel, but only because he aims to be recognized and worshipped as God. That Israel according to the flesh will persecute the true Israel, the Church, and will request the Antichrist to do this for them, is what is meant by Deuteronomy 32:34-35, Isaiah 8:6-8, 18:1-2, Jeremiah 4:11-18, Micah 5:5, Luke 18:1-8 and Revelation 12.
The beast of the sea is the Roman Empire itself, while the beast of the earth is both the Antichrist and the false prophet (represented by the two horns). The mark on the hand refers to mandatory sacrifice to the Antichrist as to an idol if one wants to buy food, and the mark on the forehead refers to the false glory he grants upon those who submit themselves to him; the persecution Antiochus IV Epiphanes led against the people of God was a prefiguration of this (2 Maccabees 6:7-11).
The last week of Daniel is the whole rule of Antichrist, but during the first half-week Enoch and Elijah, who were translated into heaven and did not die (Genesis 5:24, 2 Kings 2:11), will return to prophesy, be martyred and be resurrected (Revelation 11:3-12). The second half-week is when Antichrist will take his seat in the temple and severely persecute the Church (Daniel 11:11-12, Matthew 24:15-21, 2 Thessalonians 2:3-4).
Then Jesus Christ will return and all will be resurrected and judged.
St. Victorinus gave a thorough commentary on Revelation:
6:1-2 (1st seal): Jesus Christ Who conquered by the Gospel and sent the Holy Spirit as an arrow.
6:3-4 (2nd seal): The wars and rumors of war (Matthew 24:6-7).
6:5-6 (3rd seal): The famines (Matthew 24:7).
6:7-8 (4th seal): The pestilences and earthquakes (Matthew 24:7).
6:9-11 (5th seal): The persecution of the faithful (Matthew 24:9-10).
6:10-7:17 (6th seal): The last great tribulation. The blackening of the sun, the fall of the stars, the untimely fall of the figs, the receding of the sky, the removal of the mountains and islands refer to the Christians being deeply troubled or even falling into apostasy because of this great final hardship. The angel from the east who seals 144,000 from the tribes of Israel is Elijah, whose preaching converts many of the unbelieving Jews (Malachi 4:5-6), thereby replenishing the Church. Then the seven archangels destroy the kingdom of Antichrist (Micah 5:5-6, Matthew 13:27-30, Mark 13:27) and all the saints are gathered with Christ forever.
8:1-6 (7th seal): The silence signifies the eternal rest and the narrative might end here, but John starts again from the beginning which is why it ends.
9:13-11:14 (6th trumpet): The four angels at the Euphrates, which also represent the four corners of the earth, are four nations which join the kingdom of Antichrist in due time. The mighty angel is Jesus Christ, His feet of fire are the apostles, the seven thunders He utters are the Holy Spirit, the utterances themselves are the Christian mystagogy of the Old Testament which the Christian prophets are given to interpret now that the apostles have finished their work. John eating the book and being told to prophesy again refers to him committing Revelation to memory and formally publishing it after his labor in exile in Patmos was finished. The temple to be measured is the Orthodox faith, the measuring reed like to a rod is Revelation, the rod proper is the Gospel of John which he is to write later. The courtyard is unnecessary and is therefore not measured but is given over to be trampled by the Gentiles, that is, the heretics Valentinus and such are to be counted outside the Church. The trampling of the holy city for 3 years and a half refers to the rule of Antichrist, and likewise the two prophets will prophesy for 3 years and a half. The two prophets are Elijah who did not die (2 Kings 2:11) and Jeremiah who was to prophesy to the nations (Jeremiah 1:5-10), although some think it is rather Moses. They are the two olive trees of Zechariah 4:11-14, who stand beside the Lord of the earth, that is, either that they are kept in Paradise, or that they will stand before Antichrist. The beast from the pit is Antichrist. The two prophets are killed in Jerusalem, rise after three days and a half and ascend to heaven.
11:15-15:8 (7th trumpet): The heavenly temple, that is, Jesus, is made manifest, and the ark is the gift of the Gospel. The woman with child is Israel, the Church, the people of God. The dragon is Satan who seeks to persecute her and who brought down either 1/3rd of angels or 1/3rd of men with himself, and whose seven heads are the last seven Roman Emperors, as well as the ten horns. The child is Jesus Christ Who became incarnate, conquered, and ascended to heaven. The two wings by which the woman flees the dragon are the two prophets, and this refers to when the Church in Judea, closest to Antichrist's headquarters, will have to flee someplace safe (Matthew 24:15-28). The waters spewed forth by the dragon are the people willing to persecute the Church; the earth swallowing up the woman to protect her refers to the Lord saving the Christians from their tormentors, however it is not known whether this refers to a future event or to what has already happened historically. The battle between Michael and the dragon and the latter's fall from heaven is what triggers the rule of Antichrist; narratively it is before the Church is carried by the two prophets, but it must actually happen after since the prophets ministered in the 3.5 years before Antichrist's tyranny. The beast from the sea is the kingdom of Antichrist. The beast from the earth is the false prophet, who will establish his rule in Jerusalem (Daniel 11:45, Matthew 24:15). The two angels who command the final harvest are the two prophets. Now again, the narrative restarts from a third perspective: that of the unbelievers, upon whom the whole fury of God will fall.
16:17-19:21 (7th bowl): The woman on the beast is an image of Satan. What is called Babylon here and in Isaiah (13-14, 21, 47-48) and Sodom in Ezekiel (16) refers to Rome. The 5 kings who are already fallen are Galba, Otho, Vitellius, Vespasian and Titus. The king who currently is is Domitian. The king who is to come for a short time is Nerva. The 8th king is the one from whom the 7 proceed, that is, Nero in resurrected form, who will rule with 10 kings and will not be recognized but will rather appear to the unbelieving Jews to be the Christ (Daniel 11:29-37). Then Christ will return with His angelic hosts to bring forth judgment.
20 (The millennium): The binding of Satan happens at the first coming of Christ. The 1,000 years are symbolic (Psalm 105:8). The abyss is the hearts of unbelievers. He is sealed so that it is not right now self-evident who is the servant of God and who is the servant of Satan. But at the end of the millennium he is released for a short while, referring to the 3.5 years during which Antichrist will persecute the Church. The first resurrection is the resurrection of faith (Colossians 3:1). The number 1,000 is 10x100: the one who keeps the Decalogue and the perfection of purity is one who reigns with Christ and for whom Satan is bound, but he remains loosed for those who do not do this, and him being loosed anyway after the millennium refers to how many will apostatize due to being tempted by him.
Then the general resurrection occurs, the final judgment, and the heavenly Jerusalem (which is very symbolic) comes down.
St. John Chrysostom shows more fully the tradition that Clement earlier hinted at. The apostles ask when the end comes and when the temple will be destroyed; Matthew 24:4-14 answers the first question by giving a recapitulation of all that Christians will have to endure, and Matthew 24:15-22 answers the second question; the abomination of desolation refers to the armies of Vespasian surrounding Jerusalem. Matthew 24:23-28 is when Jesus warns about Antichrist, not as the abomination of desolation as Irenaeus and Hippolytus interpreted it, but as the false prophet and false Christ. Then of course Matthew 24:29-31 is about the second coming and the last judgment.
In his interpretation of 2 Thessalonians, John gives us more context. The restrainer mentioned by Paul in 2 Thessalonians 2:6-7 is the Roman Empire, which restrains the Antichrist because it is when the Empire falls apart that Antichrist will use the power vacuum to take his place as ruler. The mystery of lawlessness already at work is Nero, who is a prefiguration of Antichrist. God will permit the appearance of Antichrist so as to confirm the wicked in their wickedness; they will claim to believe in him because of the signs he works, but in truth it will be because of the privileges he grants them and the unlawfulness he permits, as when Christ worked signs He was not believed (John 5:43). When Antichrist appears, he will abolish every idolatrous religion, but so as to be worshipped alone (2 Thessalonians 2:3-4). He will sit in the temple of God; which does not refer specifically to the temple in Jerusalem, as in Irenaeus and Hyppolitus, but rather to the Christian Church, so that it is the churches that will be led to worship him as God.
But Elijah will return (Matthew 17:11), being to Christ's second coming what John the Baptist was to His first, then Jesus returns and all are resurrected and judged.
St. Jerome (Commentary on Daniel) says that it should be understood that the events that happened surrounding Antiochus IV Epiphanes are a prefiguration of what will happen surrounding Antichrist (Daniel 8:14).
At a time when the love of many will have grown cold (Luke 18:8), when the Roman Empire collapses, 10 kings will rule over its previous territories. Antichrist will rise from a small nation, which is the Hebrew people, and he will be seen as insignificant at first but will gain power through political intrigue, until he conquers Rome and becomes the first, and last, Jew to rule over the civilized world (Daniel 11:24). He will come from Babylon and first defeat the king of Egypt but will then be frightened by the resistance of Rome against him (Daniel 11:25-30), and will rather defeat the kings of Libya and Ethiopia then conquer Israel, but he will not conquer Edom, Moab and Ammon (Arabia), the deserts where the Christians will flee to (Daniel 11:40-41). He will be received by the Jews as the Christ, and he will put on the pretense of holiness and chastity although he will be a blasphemer (Daniel 11:37-39). As a result of his military victories, the remaining 7 kings will submit to him (Daniel 7:8). For 3.5 years he will rule over the whole world, he will sit in the temple in Jerusalem and claim to be God (Daniel 11:31), and he will persecute the Christians (Daniel 11:33), forbidding the true worship and desecrating the temple in Jerusalem (Daniel 12:11), that the Jews may also be tested, whether they choose Christ or Antichrist. The Christians will resist him for a little but many will die (Daniel 11:34).
However, he will make war against the north and the east and pitch his tent in Apedno near Nicopolis, formerly known as Emmaus, in Judea, then will go to the summit of the Mount of Olives, where the Lord will destroy him (Daniel 11:42-45, Isaiah 25:6-8). Then the resurrection and the final judgment will come, without a millennial kingdom since the saints are evidently not to inherit an earthly kingdom but a spiritual one (Daniel 7:18-19).
Concerning the 70 weeks of Daniel, Jerome suggests various interpretations he considers to be valid, some which make the final week to be about Antichrist and some that don't.
Some believe that the Antichrist has already come in the person of Emperor Nero (Daniel 11:30).
St. Augustine of Hippo (City of God 20) says that the first resurrection (Revelation 20:5-6) is the one referred to in John 5:22-26: it is not the resurrection of the body, but of the soul, as indeed the soul has a kind of death and a kind of resurrection from the dead (Matthew 8:22, 2 Corinthians 5:14-15). It is the resurrection of mercy, as opposed to the second resurrection, the resurrection of judgment (John 5:28-29). There is also the equally Orthodox opinion that the first resurrection is a future one, followed by a thousand-year sabbatical kingdom, as taught by Irenaeus, but it is only Orthodox if one believes that this kingdom is spiritual and not the kind of carnal, passionate kingdom expected by the Chiliasts. But if the first resurrection is the one we already participate in as Christians, then the thousand years can be a manner of speech since the time of the Church is happening during the latter half of the sixth millennium, so that it is called a millennium to recapitulate the actual final thousand years it takes place in (in which case the second resurrection is very soon from his perspective; keep in mind that the end of the sixth millennium would be around the year 500 AD and Augustine died in 430), or the millennium is far more symbolic, referring to all of world history (Psalm 105:8). At the end of the millennium Gog and Magog will launch a final great assault against the Church for 3.5 years. This does not refer to any one earthly nation but rather to the unbelieving world, which will oppress the Church wherever it is.
Antichrist will sit in the temple of God, but there are different opinions as to whether this refers to a rebuilt temple in Jerusalem or to the Church. Until then, what is keeping him from appearing is also not universally agreed upon: some believe it is the Roman Empire, and that the mystery of lawlessness already at work is Nero, who either will be resurrected or perhaps has not actually died. Some believe that what is keeping Antichrist from appearing and what is the mystery of lawlessness is the number of wicked men in the Church, who, when they are sufficiently plentiful, will create a favorable environment for Antichrist, and that 1 John 2:18-19 refers to the same thing.
It is the common tradition that Antichrist will come among ten kings ruling the Empire among themselves, but it is dangerous to put too much trust into this, as the ten kings could instead be symbolic of all the kings prior to Antichrist.
Antichrist will persecute the Church for 3.5 years.
Soon before the end comes, Elijah will return and convert the Jews to Christianity (Malachi 4:5-6).
...
What has become the general tradition in Eastern Orthodoxy, such as what is found liturgically or commonly? I'd say:
submitted by InternetTraumatized to Christianity [link] [comments]

2023.06.06 23:42 InternetTraumatized An overview of the eschatology of some early saints

St. Justin Martyr (Dialogue with Trypho, ch. 80-81) says that there will be a first resurrection of the righteous where they dwell in a rebuilt Jerusalem for 1,000 years (keep in mind that Jerusalem had recently been destroyed due to the failure of the Bar Kokhba revolt), based off Isaiah 44 and 65 ("There shall be the new heaven and the new earth, and the former shall not be remembered, or come into their heart; but they shall find joy and gladness in it, which things I create. For, Behold, I make Jerusalem a rejoicing, and My people a joy; and I shall rejoice over Jerusalem, and be glad over My people ... According to the days of the tree of life shall be the days of my people," understanding the days of the tree of life to refer to 1,000 years since Genesis 5-11 shows the years of mankind decreasing further and further away from the number 1,000 corresponding to life in Paradise) as well as Revelation 20:4-6,9 ("And they lived and reigned with Christ for a thousand years. But the rest of the dead did not live again until the thousand years were finished. This is the first resurrection. Blessed and holy is he who has part in the first resurrection. Over such the second death has no power, but they shall be priests of God and of Christ, and shall reign with Him a thousand years ... They [the nations] went up on the breadth of the earth and surrounded the camp of the saints and the beloved city"). Justin, however, also points out that some Orthodox Christians believe in this and some don't, and it's a matter of opinion alone. He doesn't say what the alternative might be however.
St. Irenaeus of Lyons (Against Heresies 5, ch. 25-36) says that at the end an unlawful and evil king will come, Antichrist, the summary of all demonic apostasy in history, who will take his seat in a rebuilt temple in Jerusalem (Matthew 24:15-21, 2 Thessalonians 2:3-4).
Because the apostasy of Antichrist will recapitulate all apostasy, these events will also be the recapitulation of world history, and happen around the 6,000th year of creation; Genesis 1 must be understood as a prophecy, since one day is as a thousand years for the Lord (Psalm 90:4, 2 Peter 3:8). The first advent was halfway through the 6th day; the coming of Antichrist and the last great tribulation will be at the end of the 6th day as the culmination of everything that happened before. This is signified by the name of Antichrist, 666. 666 also signifies this by how, at the time of the apostasy leading to the flood, Noah was 600 years old (Genesis 7:6), and at the time of the persecution of God's people in Babylon, which itself was a prefiguration of the tribulation to come, King Nebuchadnezzar made an idolatrous status 60 cubits tall and 6 cubits wide (Daniel 3:1). This means Antichrist, and soon after him Christ, will come around the 6th century AD, following the chronology of the Septuagint.
The Roman Empire will begin to fall apart (Matthew 12:25) and be partitioned among ten kings, among whom the eighth will rise above the others, slaying three of the kings, to be the Antichrist and rule for 3.5 years during which he persecutes the Church as the Empire falls further apart (Daniel 2:33,41-43, 7:7-8,23-25, Revelation 17:3-18). It is this Antichrist of whom St. Paul speaks in 2 Thessalonians 2:8-12. He will come suddenly (1 Thessalonians 5:3) and will be a Hebrew from the tribe of Dan (Jeremiah 8:14-17) which is why this tribe is not given the promised inheritance (Revelation 7:4-8).
Because the existence of Antichrist will be permitted so as to recapitulate all apostasy and separate the righteous from the wicked as a great final exercise (Matthew 3:12, 13:24-30), God will confirm the wicked in their delusion (2 Thessalonians 2:11-12). Antichrist is the beast of the sea described in Revelation 13:1-10. His armor-bearer, the false prophet, is the beast of the earth described in Revelation 13:11-17.
He is the unjust judge the Lord speaks of in Luke 18:1-8, and the one who comes in his own name in John 5:43. The widow in Luke 18 is the unbelieving Jewish people, who will go to the Antichrist for help, and in response he will make a rebuilt Jerusalem his capital city and a rebuilt temple his house, during which time he will persecute the true temple which is the Church (Daniel 8:9-14,23-25). This is the last half-week of the prophecy of the 70 weeks (Daniel 9:27).
When the Lord comes to destroy him (Daniel 2:35,44, 7:9-14,21-22,26-27, 8:25), together with all the nations which will have become his servants (Isaiah 6:9-13, 13:6-22, 26:10-11), the saints will be resurrected. It must be so: we imitate our Lord (Luke 6:40) and therefore, just as He died, then rose from the dead, then ascended to the Father, we also must die, then rise from the dead, then ascend to the Father. It is at this first resurrection that the promise of the old covenant will be fulfilled (Genesis 13:14-15, 15:18-21, 27:28-29), it is the restoration promised by the prophets (Isaiah 26:19, 30:23-26, 58:13-14, Jeremiah 23:3-8, Ezekiel 28:25-26, 37:11-28), it is the kingdom and reward Christ speaks of (Matthew 19:29, 26:27, Luke 12:37-38, 14:12-13).
The saints will then rule in a beautified Jerusalem (Isaiah 54:11-12, Baruch 5) for 1,000 years (Isaiah 65:17-25, Revelation 20:4-9), the true Sabbath.
After this, heaven and earth will pass away (Matthew 24:35, 1 Corinthian 7:31, Revelation 20:11) as the remaining dead will rise and all will be judged (Revelation 20:10-15). Then a new heaven and earth will be established (Isaiah 65:17-18) and the Jerusalem from above, which the Jerusalem from below is patterned after (Exodus 25:40), will come down and the saints will live in it for eternity (Galatians 4:26, Revelation 21:1-6).
St. Clement of Alexandria does not indulge in eschatology, but he does indicate the alternate tradition that Justin may have been referring to. While Justin and Irenaeus interpret the Old Testament to not have been entirely fulfilled yet, Clement takes a different approach and sees the Old Testament as entirely fulfilled within the time frame of the New Testament. We see this when he discusses the prophecy of the 70 weeks. Whereas Irenaeus sees the last half-week as referring to the Antichrist, Clement sees it as referring to Vespasian, and sees the abomination of desolation not to be the Antichrist taking his seat in a rebuilt temple in the future, but as something that already took place under Vespasian.
St. Hippolytus of Rome considers that the Antichrist, a Hebrew from the tribe of Dan (Genesis 49:16-18, Deuteronomy 33:22, Jeremiah 8:14-17), will defeat in battle the kings of Egypt, Libya and Ethiopia (Daniel 11:43), in a battle over who should rule over the Empire, while the Ammonites and Moabites become his willful subjects (Isaiah 11:11-14, Daniel 11:41). As a result of his victory he will begin to think himself to be God, and will move on to assault Tyre and Sidon (Isaiah 23:4-5), and it is him whom Isaiah 14:3-21 and Ezekiel 28:1-19 refer to. Then he will try to convince the unbelieving Jews that he is the Messiah by gathering them again from the dispersion and re-establishing the kingdom of Israel, but only because he aims to be recognized and worshipped as God. That Israel according to the flesh will persecute the true Israel, the Church, and will request the Antichrist to do this for them, is what is meant by Deuteronomy 32:34-35, Isaiah 8:6-8, 18:1-2, Jeremiah 4:11-18, Micah 5:5, Luke 18:1-8 and Revelation 12.
The beast of the sea is the Roman Empire itself, while the beast of the earth is both the Antichrist and the false prophet (represented by the two horns). The mark on the hand refers to mandatory sacrifice to the Antichrist as to an idol if one wants to buy food, and the mark on the forehead refers to the false glory he grants upon those who submit themselves to him; the persecution Antiochus IV Epiphanes led against the people of God was a prefiguration of this (2 Maccabees 6:7-11).
The last week of Daniel is the whole rule of Antichrist, but during the first half-week Enoch and Elijah, who were translated into heaven and did not die (Genesis 5:24, 2 Kings 2:11), will return to prophesy, be martyred and be resurrected (Revelation 11:3-12). The second half-week is when Antichrist will take his seat in the temple and severely persecute the Church (Daniel 11:11-12, Matthew 24:15-21, 2 Thessalonians 2:3-4).
Then Jesus Christ will return and all will be resurrected and judged.
St. Victorinus gave a thorough commentary on Revelation:
6:1-2 (1st seal): Jesus Christ Who conquered by the Gospel and sent the Holy Spirit as an arrow.
6:3-4 (2nd seal): The wars and rumors of war (Matthew 24:6-7).
6:5-6 (3rd seal): The famines (Matthew 24:7).
6:7-8 (4th seal): The pestilences and earthquakes (Matthew 24:7).
6:9-11 (5th seal): The persecution of the faithful (Matthew 24:9-10).
6:10-7:17 (6th seal): The last great tribulation. The blackening of the sun, the fall of the stars, the untimely fall of the figs, the receding of the sky, the removal of the mountains and islands refer to the Christians being deeply troubled or even falling into apostasy because of this great final hardship. The angel from the east who seals 144,000 from the tribes of Israel is Elijah, whose preaching converts many of the unbelieving Jews (Malachi 4:5-6), thereby replenishing the Church. Then the seven archangels destroy the kingdom of Antichrist (Micah 5:5-6, Matthew 13:27-30, Mark 13:27) and all the saints are gathered with Christ forever.
8:1-6 (7th seal): The silence signifies the eternal rest and the narrative might end here, but John starts again from the beginning which is why it ends.
9:13-11:14 (6th trumpet): The four angels at the Euphrates, which also represent the four corners of the earth, are four nations which join the kingdom of Antichrist in due time. The mighty angel is Jesus Christ, His feet of fire are the apostles, the seven thunders He utters are the Holy Spirit, the utterances themselves are the Christian mystagogy of the Old Testament which the Christian prophets are given to interpret now that the apostles have finished their work. John eating the book and being told to prophesy again refers to him committing Revelation to memory and formally publishing it after his labor in exile in Patmos was finished. The temple to be measured is the Orthodox faith, the measuring reed like to a rod is Revelation, the rod proper is the Gospel of John which he is to write later. The courtyard is unnecessary and is therefore not measured but is given over to be trampled by the Gentiles, that is, the heretics Valentinus and such are to be counted outside the Church. The trampling of the holy city for 3 years and a half refers to the rule of Antichrist, and likewise the two prophets will prophesy for 3 years and a half. The two prophets are Elijah who did not die (2 Kings 2:11) and Jeremiah who was to prophesy to the nations (Jeremiah 1:5-10), although some think it is rather Moses. They are the two olive trees of Zechariah 4:11-14, who stand beside the Lord of the earth, that is, either that they are kept in Paradise, or that they will stand before Antichrist. The beast from the pit is Antichrist. The two prophets are killed in Jerusalem, rise after three days and a half and ascend to heaven.
11:15-15:8 (7th trumpet): The heavenly temple, that is, Jesus, is made manifest, and the ark is the gift of the Gospel. The woman with child is Israel, the Church, the people of God. The dragon is Satan who seeks to persecute her and who brought down either 1/3rd of angels or 1/3rd of men with himself, and whose seven heads are the last seven Roman Emperors, as well as the ten horns. The child is Jesus Christ Who became incarnate, conquered, and ascended to heaven. The two wings by which the woman flees the dragon are the two prophets, and this refers to when the Church in Judea, closest to Antichrist's headquarters, will have to flee someplace safe (Matthew 24:15-28). The waters spewed forth by the dragon are the people willing to persecute the Church; the earth swallowing up the woman to protect her refers to the Lord saving the Christians from their tormentors, however it is not known whether this refers to a future event or to what has already happened historically. The battle between Michael and the dragon and the latter's fall from heaven is what triggers the rule of Antichrist; narratively it is before the Church is carried by the two prophets, but it must actually happen after since the prophets ministered in the 3.5 years before Antichrist's tyranny. The beast from the sea is the kingdom of Antichrist. The beast from the earth is the false prophet, who will establish his rule in Jerusalem (Daniel 11:45, Matthew 24:15). The two angels who command the final harvest are the two prophets. Now again, the narrative restarts from a third perspective: that of the unbelievers, upon whom the whole fury of God will fall.
16:17-19:21 (7th bowl): The woman on the beast is an image of Satan. What is called Babylon here and in Isaiah (13-14, 21, 47-48) and Sodom in Ezekiel (16) refers to Rome. The 5 kings who are already fallen are Galba, Otho, Vitellius, Vespasian and Titus. The king who currently is is Domitian. The king who is to come for a short time is Nerva. The 8th king is the one from whom the 7 proceed, that is, Nero in resurrected form, who will rule with 10 kings and will not be recognized but will rather appear to the unbelieving Jews to be the Christ (Daniel 11:29-37). Then Christ will return with His angelic hosts to bring forth judgment.
20 (The millennium): The binding of Satan happens at the first coming of Christ. The 1,000 years are symbolic (Psalm 105:8). The abyss is the hearts of unbelievers. He is sealed so that it is not right now self-evident who is the servant of God and who is the servant of Satan. But at the end of the millennium he is released for a short while, referring to the 3.5 years during which Antichrist will persecute the Church. The first resurrection is the resurrection of faith (Colossians 3:1). The number 1,000 is 10x100: the one who keeps the Decalogue and the perfection of purity is one who reigns with Christ and for whom Satan is bound, but he remains loosed for those who do not do this, and him being loosed anyway after the millennium refers to how many will apostatize due to being tempted by him.
Then the general resurrection occurs, the final judgment, and the heavenly Jerusalem (which is very symbolic) comes down.
St. John Chrysostom shows more fully the tradition that Clement earlier hinted at. The apostles ask when the end comes and when the temple will be destroyed; Matthew 24:4-14 answers the first question by giving a recapitulation of all that Christians will have to endure, and Matthew 24:15-22 answers the second question; the abomination of desolation refers to the armies of Vespasian surrounding Jerusalem. Matthew 24:23-28 is when Jesus warns about Antichrist, not as the abomination of desolation as Irenaeus and Hippolytus interpreted it, but as the false prophet and false Christ. Then of course Matthew 24:29-31 is about the second coming and the last judgment.
In his interpretation of 2 Thessalonians, John gives us more context. The restrainer mentioned by Paul in 2 Thessalonians 2:6-7 is the Roman Empire, which restrains the Antichrist because it is when the Empire falls apart that Antichrist will use the power vacuum to take his place as ruler. The mystery of lawlessness already at work is Nero, who is a prefiguration of Antichrist. God will permit the appearance of Antichrist so as to confirm the wicked in their wickedness; they will claim to believe in him because of the signs he works, but in truth it will be because of the privileges he grants them and the unlawfulness he permits, as when Christ worked signs He was not believed (John 5:43). When Antichrist appears, he will abolish every idolatrous religion, but so as to be worshipped alone (2 Thessalonians 2:3-4). He will sit in the temple of God; which does not refer specifically to the temple in Jerusalem, as in Irenaeus and Hyppolitus, but rather to the Christian Church, so that it is the churches that will be led to worship him as God.
But Elijah will return (Matthew 17:11), being to Christ's second coming what John the Baptist was to His first, then Jesus returns and all are resurrected and judged.
St. Jerome (Commentary on Daniel) says that it should be understood that the events that happened surrounding Antiochus IV Epiphanes are a prefiguration of what will happen surrounding Antichrist (Daniel 8:14).
At a time when the love of many will have grown cold (Luke 18:8), when the Roman Empire collapses, 10 kings will rule over its previous territories. Antichrist will rise from a small nation, which is the Hebrew people, and he will be seen as insignificant at first but will gain power through political intrigue, until he conquers Rome and becomes the first, and last, Jew to rule over the civilized world (Daniel 11:24). He will come from Babylon and first defeat the king of Egypt but will then be frightened by the resistance of Rome against him (Daniel 11:25-30), and will rather defeat the kings of Libya and Ethiopia then conquer Israel, but he will not conquer Edom, Moab and Ammon (Arabia), the deserts where the Christians will flee to (Daniel 11:40-41). He will be received by the Jews as the Christ, and he will put on the pretense of holiness and chastity although he will be a blasphemer (Daniel 11:37-39). As a result of his military victories, the remaining 7 kings will submit to him (Daniel 7:8). For 3.5 years he will rule over the whole world, he will sit in the temple in Jerusalem and claim to be God (Daniel 11:31), and he will persecute the Christians (Daniel 11:33), forbidding the true worship and desecrating the temple in Jerusalem (Daniel 12:11), that the Jews may also be tested, whether they choose Christ or Antichrist. The Christians will resist him for a little but many will die (Daniel 11:34).
However, he will make war against the north and the east and pitch his tent in Apedno near Nicopolis, formerly known as Emmaus, in Judea, then will go to the summit of the Mount of Olives, where the Lord will destroy him (Daniel 11:42-45, Isaiah 25:6-8). Then the resurrection and the final judgment will come, without a millennial kingdom since the saints are evidently not to inherit an earthly kingdom but a spiritual one (Daniel 7:18-19).
Concerning the 70 weeks of Daniel, Jerome suggests various interpretations he considers to be valid, some which make the final week to be about Antichrist and some that don't.
Some believe that the Antichrist has already come in the person of Emperor Nero (Daniel 11:30).
St. Augustine of Hippo (City of God 20) says that the first resurrection (Revelation 20:5-6) is the one referred to in John 5:22-26: it is not the resurrection of the body, but of the soul, as indeed the soul has a kind of death and a kind of resurrection from the dead (Matthew 8:22, 2 Corinthians 5:14-15). It is the resurrection of mercy, as opposed to the second resurrection, the resurrection of judgment (John 5:28-29). There is also the equally Orthodox opinion that the first resurrection is a future one, followed by a thousand-year sabbatical kingdom, as taught by Irenaeus, but it is only Orthodox if one believes that this kingdom is spiritual and not the kind of carnal, passionate kingdom expected by the Chiliasts. But if the first resurrection is the one we already participate in as Christians, then the thousand years can be a manner of speech since the time of the Church is happening during the latter half of the sixth millennium, so that it is called a millennium to recapitulate the actual final thousand years it takes place in (in which case the second resurrection is very soon from his perspective; keep in mind that the end of the sixth millennium would be around the year 500 AD and Augustine died in 430), or the millennium is far more symbolic, referring to all of world history (Psalm 105:8). At the end of the millennium Gog and Magog will launch a final great assault against the Church for 3.5 years. This does not refer to any one earthly nation but rather to the unbelieving world, which will oppress the Church wherever it is.
Antichrist will sit in the temple of God, but there are different opinions as to whether this refers to a rebuilt temple in Jerusalem or to the Church. Until then, what is keeping him from appearing is also not universally agreed upon: some believe it is the Roman Empire, and that the mystery of lawlessness already at work is Nero, who either will be resurrected or perhaps has not actually died. Some believe that what is keeping Antichrist from appearing and what is the mystery of lawlessness is the number of wicked men in the Church, who, when they are sufficiently plentiful, will create a favorable environment for Antichrist, and that 1 John 2:18-19 refers to the same thing.
It is the common tradition that Antichrist will come among ten kings ruling the Empire among themselves, but it is dangerous to put too much trust into this, as the ten kings could instead be symbolic of all the kings prior to Antichrist.
Antichrist will persecute the Church for 3.5 years.
Soon before the end comes, Elijah will return and convert the Jews to Christianity (Malachi 4:5-6).
...
What has become the general tradition, such as what is found liturgically or commonly? I'd say:
submitted by InternetTraumatized to OrthodoxChristianity [link] [comments]

2023.06.06 21:00 chanma50 'The Flash' Review Thread

I will continue to update this post as reviews come in.
Rotten Tomatoes
Critics Consensus: While it plays too much like a sizzle reel of DC's greatest hits to fully stand on its own two feet, The Flash has enough heart and zip to maintain a confident stride.
Score Number of Reviews Average Rating
All Critics 74% 102 6.50/10
Top Critics 50% 22 5.90/10
Metacritic: 61 (29 Reviews)
Sample Reviews:
In The Flash, the multiverse of possibilities that opens up by toying with the past becomes an excuse to throw everything but the Batcave sink at the audience. - Owen Gleiberman, Variety
If The Flash ultimately proves uneven, its wobbly climactic showdown far less interesting than the more character-driven buildup, the story’s core of a young man struggling to reconcile with the loss of his mother carries it through. - David Rooney, Hollywood Reporter
A movie that spends all its time racing from one poorly-thought out story element to another, from one only modestly satisfying nostalgia shout-out to another, and with only questionable results. How fitting, yet how disappointing: The Flash has the runs. - William Bibbiani, TheWrap
Worth the hype, though trying to do so much also leads to a head-scratching kitchen-sink climax. 3/4 - Brian Truitt, USA Today
It’s a pitiful disservice to itself, turning a relatively fun, if rocky, movie into nothing but another product designed as a carousel where you can point at things and people you recognize. 2/5 - Trace Sauveur, Austin Chronicle
The story gets messy — multiple cameos and a rushed intro for Sasha Calle as Supergirl — but I like how it follows Keaton’s war cry: “Let’s get nuts.” 3/4 - Peter Howell, Toronto Star
Despite some diverting touches, Miller’s smirking, gurning, mugging doppelganger performance is a trial and in any case gets lost in the inevitable third-act CGI battle apocalypse. 2/5 - Peter Bradshaw, Guardian
The film’s parade of “remember this?!” in-jokes makes it the opposite of a reset – it’s more like a scratched record. 2/5 - Tim Robey, Daily Telegraph (UK)
A morally specious movie that’s mostly about reflogging the cultural canon of an entertainment conglomerate. 2/5 - Kevin Maher, Times (UK)
This is one of the best superhero movies of the 21st century so far. Just sit back and enjoy the flashes of greatness. 4/5 - Charlotte O'Sullivan, London Evening Standard
The Flash, much like Barry himself, has been stranded with no real sense of history, and no real sense of the future, either. It does the best it can. 3/5 - Clarisse Loughrey, Independent (UK)
Although it’s not without some fun moments, The Flash often substitutes cameos for genuine thrills, and a general aura of exhaustion hovers over it all. - Esther Zuckerman, Bloomberg News
It's well-trod territory at this point, even for a speedster. C+ - Christian Holub, Entertainment Weekly
The Flash is, by far, the best movie to come out of this modern, post-Nolan Warners/DC collaboration... - David Fear, Rolling Stone
Set to be one of the final entries in what we know as the DCEU, this is also one of the best, a witty and warm buddy comedy that deserves to be more than just a Flash in the pan. 4/5 - Chris Hewitt (UK), Empire Magazine
Taken on its own merits, Andy Muschietti’s film has lots to offer, and frequently shows flashes (apologies) of brilliance that set it a cut above most of its existing DC Universe brethren. B- - Kate Erbland, indieWire
Nothing Batman or Supergirl do in The Flash to save the world is more effective than what Barry Allen does to save it with a hug and a can of tomatoes. 2.5/4 - Justin Clark, Slant Magazine
It’s sometimes buried under layers and layers of storytelling knots that the film never fully untangles, but the fun is there, and when the film is really working, that turns out to be enough. B- - Matthew Jackson, AV Club
Even in a vacuum, or an alternate universe with no Spider-Verse or MCU, The Flash would just feel middling. B- - Liz Shannon Miller, Consequence
Maybe nerd culture was a mistake. - Alonso Duralde, The Film Verdict
Michael Keaton’s Batman return saves this movie. 6/10 - Matt Singer, ScreenCrush
The movie puts a lot of thought into what it wants to say and not enough into how it says it. 2.5/4 - Matt Zoller Seitz, RogerEbert.com
SYNOPSIS:
Worlds collide in “The Flash” when Barry uses his superpowers to travel back in time in order to change the events of the past. But when his attempt to save his family inadvertently alters the future, Barry becomes trapped in a reality in which General Zod has returned, threatening annihilation, and there are no Super Heroes to turn to. That is, unless Barry can coax a very different Batman out of retirement and rescue an imprisoned Kryptonian… albeit not the one he’s looking for. Ultimately, to save the world that he is in and return to the future that he knows, Barry’s only hope is to race for his life. But will making the ultimate sacrifice be enough to reset the universe?
CAST:
DIRECTED BY: Andy Muschietti
PRODUCED BY: Barbara Muschietti, Michael Disco
SCREENPLAY BY: Christina Hodson
SCREEN STORY BY: John Francis Daley, Jonathan Goldstein, Joby Harold
BASED ON CHARACTERS FROM: DC
EXECUTIVE PRODUCERS: Toby Emmerich, Walter Hamada, Galen Vaisman, Marianne Jenkins
DIRECTOR OF PHOTOGRAPHY: Henry Braham
PRODUCTION DESIGNER: Paul Denham Austerberry
EDITED BY: Jason Ballantine, Paul Machliss
COSTUME DESIGNER: Alexandra Byrne
MUSIC BY: Benjamin Wallfisch
RUNTIME: 144 Minutes
RELEASE DATE: June 16, 2023
submitted by chanma50 to boxoffice [link] [comments]

2023.06.06 16:36 CP4-Throwaway Reasons why _ borns are definitely Generation _ By Life Stages: Analysis (Series #5: Reasons why 1998 borns are definitely Millennials)

Reasons why _ borns are definitely Generation _ By Life Stages: Analysis (Series #5: Reasons why 1998 borns are definitely Millennials)

Reasons why 1998 borns are definitely Millennials

Life stages (these are not objective life stages but just what's going to be used for this analysis):
0-4 = Unconscious child
4-10 = Conscious child
10-18 = Adolescent (child by legality)
18-34 = Young adult
34-50 = Average adult (not needed since this cohort will not reach that stage until 2032)
Life Stage #1: Unconscious child = c. 1998-2002
​
https://preview.redd.it/z02tv9aese4b1.png?width=1024&format=png&auto=webp&s=388606da979c74039aabfcebb498095acd171103
They were born during the baby bust birthrate drop during the mid-late 90s. They were also born in the midst of the Clinton administration, along with the Monica Lewinsky scandal, right in the middle of the DotCom Bubble internet boom, during the peak of the 90s prosperity and optimism that the US experienced. They were born during what many would call "the peak of human civilization". They didn't become conscious until George W. Bush was in office and 9/11 had already happened, as well as the War On Terror commencing.
Their unconscious childhood years took place at the turn of the millennium, during the final days of the post-Cold War "End of History" prosperous atmosphere in the United States, along with the launches of the Gameboy Color (1998), and Windows 98 came out the year this cohort was born. The 5th generation of gaming was still the priority as the N64 & PS1 were at its peak, but it was the beginning of the transition into the 6th generation of gaming as the Sega Dreamcast came out (1999 US release, 1998 in Japan), followed by the PlayStation 2 (2000), Nintendo GameCube, Gameboy Advance (2001). Not to mention that Sega dropped out of the console race and Microsoft entered the console race and debuted with the XBOX the same year (2001). Michael Jackson released his final album Invincible (2001). Shows like Dawson's Creek, Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Sabrina the Teenage Witch, and Friends were the most popular shows during this timespan, right after Seinfeld had ended the year they were born and the Simpsons also started to suck then too.
In the scale of current events, their unconscious childhood took place during the impeachment of President Clinton (1999), Columbine shooting (1999), optimism/hype for the new millennium, Y2K scare (1999), colloquial turn of the millennium and its respective celebrations (1999-2000), the Bush v. Gore election (2000), the actual turn of the millennium (2000-2001), the inauguration of GWB (2001), the September 11th attacks (2001), Anthrax scare (2001), Afghanistan War and beginning of the War on Terror (2001), TSA & Patriot Act (2001), No Child Left Behind Act (2001), the introduction of the Euro, DC Sniper shootings (2002), Iraq War WMD rumors (2002), and Department of Homeland Security formation (2002). This is a pretty Millennial time to be born, contrary to popular belief.
Age 0 - 1998/1999
Age 1 - 1999/2000
Age 2 - 2000/2001
Age 3 - 2001/2002
Age 4 - 2002
Life stage #2: Conscious child = c. 2002-2008
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They were a conscious child during the Aughts. They became conscious during the post-9/11 pessimistic atmosphere and national patriotism being at an all-time high. Their first vivid memory probably involved something related to WMDs or international affairs in the Middle East in general, or probably watching either Nickelodeon or Cartoon Network or some kids-related program, whether it was Rugrats, Spongebob, Fairly Oddparents, Arthur, Lizzie McGuire, Powerpuff Girls, etc.
They were children during a not so good time in America, let alone the whole world. 9/11 had just happened, and because of that, it caused a huge lockdown on airport security, and it's been that way ever since. Events that happened were the establishment of DHS, DC Sniper attacks (2002), Afghanistan and Iraq Wars, DVD overtaking VHS and becoming the hottest attraction, the birth of social media with MySpace and Facebook (and arguably Friendster), 2004 election, Web 1.0 becoming Web 2.0 (2004), Hurricane Katrina (2005), 7/7 London bombings (2005), Pluto no longer being a planet (2006), Housing bubble burst (2006ish), introduction of Blu-Ray (2006ish), HD-DVD (2006-2008), the commercial death of VHS (2006 officially, 2008 unofficially), the iPhone launch (2007), CRTs being overtaken by HDTVs (2007), and none other than the Great Recession (2007-2009) and Obama v. McCain election (2008).
They were also children during the Yu-Gi-Oh! fandom era and the dying days of Pokemon's golden era, as well as the Silver and Bronze ages of Nickelodeon, the golden and silver ages of Cartoon Network (Powerhouse era, followed by the CN City and Fall eras), and the peak of Disney Channel (golden age of DCOMs, peak of Pixar, peak of live action sitcoms). They probably could've went with their parents to see movies like the Sam Raimi Spider-Man trilogy, Lord of the Rings, Harry Potter, Daddy Day Care, The Cat in the Hat, Austin Powers, Are We There Yet?, Cars, etc. They were probably busy on their XBOX playing Halo, GameCube playing Super Smash Bros. Melee, or their PS2 playing GTA San Andreas. Speaking of video games, this was the prime 6th generation of video game consoles, as well as the early days of the 7th generation of video games, thanks to the releases of the Nintendo DS (2004), PSP (2005), Xbox 360 (2005), PlayStation 3 and Wii (2006).
Their childhood would be dominated by the rise of reality TV, thanks to shows like Survivor, The Osbournes, The Simple Life, Pimp My Ride, MTV Cribs, Punk'd, Keeping it Up with the Kardashians, etc. On a side note, in terms of kid shows, they would've been old enough to catch reruns of The Amanda Show and Even Stevens, but young enough for iCarly and Hannah Montana. Perfect age for Drake & Josh and Zoey 101. If they were watching the NBA, they would've witnessed the rise of the 2003 draft class (Lebron, DWade, Carmelo) and the primes of Tim Duncan and Kobe Bryant. If they were watching pro-wrestling, would've caught the entire Ruthless Aggression era, and if they watched the NFL, witnessed the Patriots dynasty at work. They would've been some of the last to remember a world before social media and broadband internet. This childhood experience screams Millennial, but specifically second-wave Millennial, a.k.a. "Echo Buster" or "Zillennial".
Age 4 - 2002/2003
Age 5 - 2003/2004
Age 6 - 2004/2005
Age 7 - 2005/2006
Age 8 - 2006/2007
Age 9 - 2007/2008
Age 10 - 2008
Life stage #3: Adolescent = c. 2008-2016
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Their adolescence began during the return of pop music being at the forefront of the mainstream music, thanks to the "electropop" club boom, with the likes of Katy Perry and Lady Gaga leading it. They would've caught the dying days of rock's relevance in the mainstream and emo being relevant. Later on in their adolescence, other musical genres like dubstep, EDM, indie pop, Chicago drill, trap/mumble rap, etc. would dominate. The internet had fully taken over at this point, and technology was at a massive transition at this time. Dial-up internet became fully replaced by broadband, fast-speed internet. Web 2.0 became the norm, social media was officially the norm now with MySpace's dominance, Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr, Vine, Instagram, and Snapchat, most households acquired flat screen HDTVs and gradually got rid of all their CRTs, digital tech would fully replace analog tech, VHS would completely die, Blu-ray peaked during this time and DVDs were still very relevant. This would be the last era of dominance for cable television before streaming would take over. Blockbuster would go out of business thanks to the popularity of Netflix.
On the current event scale, their adolescence began with the 2008 financial collapse (killing off the era of ultra-consumerism and McMansions), a black president taking office, 2007-08 Writers Guild of America strike, H1N1 crisis, death of Michael Jackson (2009), Affordable Care Act (2010), death of Osama Bin Laden, Occupy Wall Street, and end of Iraq War (2011), death of fellow 1995 cohort Trayvon Martin (2012) which launched the BLM movement (2013), KONY 2012, Aurora shootings, Hurricane Sandy, and the Sandy Hook shootings (2012), Mayan predictions of the 2012 apocalypse, the Crimean annexation (2013-2014), ISIS (2014), Ferguson riots (2014-2015), legalization of gay marriage in all 50 states (2015), Trump announcing his run for office (2015), Paris attacks (2015), Brexit (2016), and the Trump v. Clinton election (2016).
They grew up during the era of John Cena, Kanye West, Rihanna, Drake, Justin Bieber, Soulja Boy, Miley Cyrus, Selena Gomez, Jonas Brothers, Randy Orton, Batista, LeBron James, Kobe Bryant, Big Time Rush, One Direction, Lorde, etc. Their "coming of age" films probably would've been Easy A, Prom, 21 & 22 Jump Street, The Duff, and the Edge of Seventeen, and especially Diary of a Wimpy Kid would be the best representation of their middle school years in the late 00s-early 10s, as well as the "coming of age" shows like Degrassi, The Secret Life of the American Teenager, Glee, 16 & Pregnant, Shameless, Gossip Girl, Pretty Little Liars, iCarly, Victorious, etc.
They would've still been old enough to experience COD during its peak from 2009-2013, and would be old enough to be in those Modern Warfare 2 lobbies on Xbox 360 (if you know, you know), as well as being relatively young enough to play some Minecraft in its early stages. They were the prime age of teenagers playing GTA V. Speaking of gaming, they would've been adolescents during the late 7th and early 8th generations of gaming, as gaming started to decline in quality as time went on. This adolescent experience is still pretty Millennial, to be honest.
Age 10 - 2008/2009
Age 11 - 2009/2010
Age 12 - 2010/2011
Age 13 - 2011/2012
Age 14 - 2012/2013
Age 15 - 2013/2014
Age 16 - 2014/2015
Age 17 - 2015/2016
Age 18 - 2016
Life stage #4: Young adulthood = c. 2016-present
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Their young adulthood was very radical, socially speaking. Their young adulthood would witness many social movements like a huge uptick in third wave feminism and women right's movements, #MeToo, a radicalization in political beliefs as things get wackier (think of Matt Walsh's "What is a Woman" for an example, pronouns, men participating in female sports, and woke culture in general), and of course cancel culture being a thing. This was the peak of polarization and everyday people became more divided then ever. Their young adulthood conveniently commenced around the time of the 2016 presidential election, being the youngest members to vote in that election. The Trump administration in itself was very interesting to witness as a young adult. Mass shootings increased with Isla Vista, Orlando nightclub, Las Vegas, and Parkland to name a few. Climate change started to become talked about as a problem or major issue by many political figures and talking heads. Trump would become impeached twice, which was never seen before in a presidency. Their young adulthoods would get even crazier as the Covid pandemic came about, with the threat of WW3, Kobe Bryant dying, BLM at its peak with the death of George Floyd, the infamous 2020 election, vaccine rollout, polarization increasing, Russia-Ukraine wars, death of Queen Elizabeth and coronation of King Charles, rise of AI with the launch of ChatGPT, popularity of NFTs and the rise of the "Metaverse", an incoming recession thanks to the Silicon Valley Bank going bankrupt and the rise of Central Bank Digital Currency with the FedNow releasing in July 2023, etc. And their young adulthood is still ongoing, being that they are currently 24-25 years old.
Since they are still young adults, they are in their "core prominence" and their main influence/impact in the realm of pop culture. Many musical genres like tropical house, EDM, trap, mumble rap, Soundcloud rap, emo rap, melodic rap, drill, bedroom pop, retro pop, and many more, emerged during this time period. Shows like The Middle, Modern Family, The Goldbergs, Empire, Power, Better Call Saul, Game of Thrones, Cobra Kai, Stranger Things, Riverdale, etc., were/are pretty popular shows and/or cultural powerhouses of entertainment, followed by the MCU. Most of this cohort are still prolonging to have kids but more of them are starting to get married and have kids, so eventually there will be an uptick of them raising families, however, not anytime soon.
Age 18 - 2016/2017
Age 19 - 2017/2018
Age 20 - 2018/2019
Age 21 - 2019/2020
Age 22 - 2020/2021
Age 23 - 2021/2022
Age 24 - 2022/2023 (currently)
Age 25 - 2023 (currently)
Good representations of the 1998 cohort:
MrBeast
Shawn Mendes
XXXTentacion
Brent Rivera
Juice WRLD
Peyton List
Tana Mongeau
Rudy Pankow
Ryan Trahan
Kylian Mbappé
Jaden Smith
Bretman Rock
Jack Harlow
Chloe Bailey
Thomas Petrou
China Anne McClain
Conan Gray
Chandler Hallow
Andre Swiley
Peyton Meyer
Tfue
Maya Hawke
Paris Berelc
Sofia Richie
Niko Omilana
Tanner Buchanan
Roddy Ricch
Aaron Carpenter
Khalid
Zachary Gordon
Robert Capron
Coco Jones
Damar Hamlin
Elle Fanning
submitted by CP4-Throwaway to generationology [link] [comments]

2023.06.06 08:42 travellingveinsbihar Innova Car Rental Bihar: Your Ultimate Guide to Hassle-Free Travel

Innova Car Rental Bihar: Your Ultimate Guide to Hassle-Free Travel
Traveling to Bihar, one of the most culturally rich states in India, can be an incredible experience. Whether you're exploring the historical sites of Patna, visiting the ancient ruins of Nalanda, or immersing yourself in the spiritual aura of Bodh Gaya, having a reliable mode of transportation is essential. This is where Innova Car Rental Bihar comes into the picture, offering top-notch car rental services that ensure your journey is comfortable, convenient, and memorable.
Red Innova Car
Innova Car Rental Bihar: Unmatched Convenience and Comfort
Discover the Perfect Travel Companion
Planning a trip involves several crucial factors, and transportation is undoubtedly one of the most significant aspects to consider. Innova Car Rental Bihar understands the importance of a reliable and comfortable mode of travel, which is why they offer a fleet of well-maintained and luxurious Toyota Innovas. These spacious and elegant vehicles are perfect for both short trips within the city and long journeys across Bihar.
Well-Maintained Cars for a Hassle-Free Experience
At Innova Car Rental Bihar, they take pride in providing their customers with well-maintained cars that undergo regular servicing and quality checks. Each vehicle in their fleet is meticulously inspected to ensure optimal performance, cleanliness, and safety. With Innova Car Rental Bihar, you can rest assured that you'll be traveling in a reliable and comfortable vehicle that meets the highest standards.
Experienced Chauffeurs for a Smooth Journey
To enhance your travel experience, Innova Car Rental in Raxaul offers experienced and professional chauffeurs who are well-versed with the roads and routes of Bihar. Their chauffeurs are not only skilled drivers but also act as knowledgeable guides, providing valuable insights about the local attractions and ensuring a seamless journey from start to finish. With their expertise and customer-centric approach, Innova Car Rental Bihar guarantees a hassle-free and enjoyable travel experience.
Exploring the Gems of Bihar with Innova Car Rental Bihar
Patna: The City of Rich Heritage
When in Bihar, a visit to Patna is a must. As the capital city, Patna is known for its historical significance and architectural marvels. From the iconic Golghar and Patna Museum to the revered Mahavir Mandir and Patna Sahib Gurudwara, Patna offers a plethora of attractions to explore. With Innova Car Rental Bihar, you can navigate through the city's bustling streets and immerse yourself in its rich heritage without any worries.
Nalanda: Journey into Ancient Wisdom
Just a few hours' drive from Patna lies the ancient ruins of Nalanda, a UNESCO World Heritage site. Renowned for its historical and cultural importance, Nalanda was once a thriving center of learning in ancient India. With Book Innova Car in Raxaul, you can embark on a memorable journey to Nalanda and witness the remnants of a bygone era. Marvel at the majestic Nalanda University ruins, the Nalanda Archaeological Museum, and the serene Japanese Stupa, all at your own pace.
Bodh Gaya: A Spiritual Retreat
Bodh Gaya, the birthplace of Buddhism, holds immense spiritual significance for millions of followers worldwide. It is here that Gautama Buddha attained enlightenment under the Bodhi Tree. With Innova Car Hire in Raxaul, you can embark on a soul-stirring journey to Bodh Gaya and explore its sacred sites, including the Mahabodhi Temple, Bodhi Tree, and Great Buddha Statue.
The Tranquil Ambiance and Serene Vibes
Bodh Gaya, the birthplace of Buddhism, holds immense spiritual significance for millions of followers worldwide. It is here that Gautama Buddha attained enlightenment under the Bodhi Tree. With Innova Car Rental Bihar, you can embark on a soul-stirring journey to Bodh Gaya and explore its sacred sites, including the Mahabodhi Temple, Bodhi Tree, and Great Buddha Statue. The tranquil ambiance and serene vibes of Bodh Gaya provide a perfect setting for introspection and spiritual rejuvenation.
Rajgir: A Historical Gem
Nestled in the hills of Bihar, Rajgir is a town steeped in history and mythology. It was once the capital of the mighty Magadha Empire and holds great importance in Jain and Buddhist traditions. Explore the ancient ruins of Rajgir, including the Cyclopean Walls, Griddhakuta Hill, and Venuvana Vihara, with the convenience of Innova Car Rental Bihar. Experience the charm of this historical gem and unravel the stories of its glorious past.
Vaishali: Where History Meets Culture
Step back in time and immerse yourself in the rich cultural heritage of Vaishali, an ancient city mentioned in Hindu mythology and Buddhist texts. Visit the archaeological sites of Vaishali, such as the Ashokan Pillar and Buddha Stupa, and witness the remnants of a bygone era. Innova Car Rental Bihar ensures that you can explore Vaishali's historical wonders at your own pace, with the comfort and convenience of a private vehicle.
Pawapuri: A Place of Peace and Serenity
Located near the town of Rajgir, Pawapuri is a significant pilgrimage site for Jains. It is believed to be the place where Lord Mahavira, the 24th Tirthankara, attained Nirvana. The scenic beauty and peaceful surroundings of Pawapuri make it a tranquil destination for seekers of solace and spirituality. With Innova Car Rental Bihar, you can embark on a serene journey to Pawapuri and pay homage to the divine presence that lingers in this sacred place.
submitted by travellingveinsbihar to u/travellingveinsbihar [link] [comments]

2023.06.05 20:02 khoafraelich789 Here's Why The Jeep Renegade Is The Most Unreliable Off-Roader

Here's Why The Jeep Renegade Is The Most Unreliable Off-Roader
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From its faulty electrics to its transmission failures, this robust looking SUV is far from reliable
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Debuting in 2014 as a stylish, able crossover SUV, the Jeep Renegade’s reputation took a sharp turn following its release amid countless complaints. Now deemed unreliable by many, the Jeep Renegade quickly gathered this tainted name after being plagued by transmission issues, electrical faults, and random abnormalities. According to Car Complaints, the 2015 Jeep Renegade received the most complaints following consumer reports of slipping gears, sudden loss of power, rough shifting, and squealing brakes.
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There’s no doubt that in a world with much uncertainty, a dependable vehicle is a high commodity, although numerous reports would indicate that the Jeep Renegade is not such a car. Electrical problems add to the Renegades poor reputation, with reports of various warning lights and systems malfunctioning, which then lead to costly repairs.
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Although the Jeep Renegade may look like a robust SUV, it seems that it comes with more faults than one would assume.
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The Unreliable Jeep Renegade Struggles To Maintain Battery Life
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The Jeep Renegade has also been reported to experience issues with its battery, leading to difficulties in holding battery power. Renegade owners have reported that the SUV’s battery drains quickly and that it is unable to maintain battery power for an extended period. One common culprit is the Jeep Renegade’s electrical system, which carries the reputation of experiencing problems throughout its model years. The Renegade has experienced issues such as faulty wiring and short circuits that can subsequently cause the battery to drain more quickly than it should. Faulty alternators, which are responsible for charging the battery while the engine is running, have also been reported.
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To add to the long list of Renegade faults, owners have reported an inordinately rapid oil consumption, which was later detected to be caused by a crack in the oil pump housing.
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There’s no denying that such faults can be frustrating for Jeep Renegade drivers, considering they will ultimately lead to unexpected breakdowns and display difficulties starting. Regular garage visits and maintenance don’t come cheap, even a quick battery check can rinse an owners' wallet when it becomes a pattern.
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The Jeep Renegade Battles With Electrical Faults
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Any car enthusiast will admit that when a warning light flashes it can be an incredibly frustrating sight, so the Jeep Renegade will leave you scratching your head and asking yourself “why didn’t I opt for the CX-3?”. Customer reports have shown that the Renegade will often flash a warning light unexpectedly, even when there is no apparent issue with the vehicle. Drivers of the compact Renegade have also experienced issues with the touchscreen display, including freezing, rebooting, and failing to respond to touch inputs, and it has also been suspected that this could be the cause of its drained battery. Other malfunctions such as the loss of function of power windows, headlamps, and a faulty air conditioning unit has also been reported.
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Jeep Renegade Rivals That Are More Reliable
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For a gearhead searching for a reliable alternative to the Jeep Renegade, there are several options that will offer elevated performance, reliability, and overall value, without the faulty systems. The small SUV market is continuously growing with modern, reliable additions appearing each day, making it easier than ever for a car buyer to find the most dependable vehicle. Jeeps main rivals come in the form of Honda, Mazda, and Toyota, and there’s no doubt that these giant automotive companies offer vehicles that can easily drive the Renegade into extinction. Honda’s HR-V is a compact SUV that offers impressive fuel economy, a spacious interior, and reliable performance. The HR-V maintains a valuable reputation for reliability, and safety features are readily available. The Mazda CX-3 flaunt a stylish sporty build that boasts excellent handling, good fuel economy, and a low-maintenance status, posing as an impressive alternative to the Jeep Renegade. Japanese automotive manufacturers Toyota released the C-HR in 2016, a fun-to-drive compact SUV that too offers fantastic fuel economy, excellent safety ratings, whilst being known for having a long-lasting life. Both the Subaru Crosstrek and Kia Soul also act as a more dependable alternative to the Jeep Renegade, with fewer issues reported and a more reliable reputation.
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There’s no denying that the American automotive empire Jeep can look back at their models and be proud to have a reputation of being reliable, although the Renegade is unlikely to be at the forefront of their pleasant memories. The Wrangler, Grand Cherokee, and Gladiator are all impressive vehicles that offer fantastic durability, impressive designs, and a luxurious touch, but the Jeep Renegade didn’t quite make the mark. Due to poor electronics, poor battery power and repetitive maintenance visits, the Jeep Renegade will go down in automotive history as the most unreliable off-roader.
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Source: hotcars
submitted by khoafraelich789 to CarInformationNews [link] [comments]

2023.06.05 03:48 AC_the_Panther_007 Rebooking WWE Survivor Series: Part 2 (From Survivor Series 1992 to Survivor Series 1996)

Part 1: https://www.reddit.com/fantasybooking/comments/140vxxe/rebooking_wwe_survivor_series_part_1_from/
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Survivor Series '92 (November 25, 1992 at the Richfield Coliseum in Richfield Township, Ohio):
Jake Roberts def. Tatanka
The Headshrinkers (Fatu and Samu) (w/Afa) def. Owen Hart and The British Bulldog (w/Jim Neidhart)
Big Boss Man def. Repo Man
Team Santana (Tito Santana, The Natural Disasters (Earthquake and Typhoon), and The Legion of Doom (Animal and Hawk)) (w/Paul Ellering) def. Team Martel (Rick Martel, Money Inc. (Ted DiBiase and Irwin R. Schyster), and The Beverly Brothers (Beau and Blake Beverly)) (w/The Genius) (The Legion of Doom (Animal and Hawk) are the Sole Survivors)
Yokozuna (w/Mr. Fuji) def. Crush
Team Hogan (Hulk Hogan, Randy Savage, The Ultimate Warrior, Roddy Piper, and Mr. Perfect) (w/Jimmy Hart) def. Team Flair (Ric Flair, Sid Justice, Papa Shango, The Mountie, and Razor Ramon) (w/Bobby Heenan and Harvey Wippleman) - 5-on-5 Survivor Series Elimination Match (Randy Savage and Mr. Perfect are the Sole Survivors)
"The Narcissist" Lex Luger def. Kerry Von Erich
The Undertaker (w/Paul Bearer) def. Kamala (w/Kim Chee and Harvey Wippleman) - Casket Match
Bret Hart (c) def. Shawn Michaels (w/Sensational Sherri) by Submission - WWE Championship Match
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Survivor Series '93 (November 24, 1993 at Boston Garden in Boston, Massachusetts):
Team Razor (Razor Ramon, Marty Jannetty, The 1-2-3 Kid, Mr. Perfect, and Randy Savage) (w/Miss Elizabeth) def. Team Money Inc. (Adam Bomb, Rick Martel, Shawn Michaels, and Money Inc. (Ted DiBiase and Irwin R. Schyster)) (w/Diesel and Harvey Wippleman) - 5-on-5 Survivor Series Elimination Match (The 1-2-3 Kid and Marty Jannetty are the Sole Survivors)
Sid Justice (w/Harvey Wippleman) def. Jim Duggan
Team Bret (Bret Hart, Owen Hart, and Men on a Mission (Mabel and Mo)) (w/Oscar and Jim Neidhart) vs. Team Lawler (Jerry Lawler, Bam Bam Bigelow, and The Headshrinkers (Fatu and Samu)) (w/Luna Vachon and Afa) - 4-on-4 Survivor Series Elimination Match (Bret Hart is a Sole Survivor)
Diesel (w/Shawn Michaels) def. Tatanka
The Heavenly Bodies (Jimmy Del Ray and Tom Prichard) (w/Jim Cornette) def. The Rock 'n' Roll Express (Ricky Morton and Robert Gibson) (c) - SMW Tag Team Championship Match (TITLES CHANGE)
Alundra Blayze and Wendi Ritcher def. Luna Vachon and Leilani Kai
The All-Americans (Lex Luger, The Undertaker, Hulk Hogan, and The Steiner Brothers (Rick and Scott Steiner)) (w/Jimmy Hart) def. The Foreign Fanatics (Yokozuna, Crush, Ludvig Borga, The Quebecers (Jacques and Pierre)) (w/Mr. Fuji, Johnny Polo, and Harley Wippleman) - 5-on-5 Survivor Series Elimination Match (Hulk Hogan and Lex Luger are the Sole Survivors)
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Survivor Series '94 (November 23, 1994 at the Freeman Coliseum in San Antonio, Texas):
The Bad Guys (Razor Ramon, The 1-2-3 Kid, The British Bulldog, Mabel, and Doink the Clown) (w/Mo, Oscar, and Dink the Clown) def. The Teamsters (Shawn Michaels, Diesel, Crush, Jim Neidhart, and Jerry Lawler) (w/Mr. Fuji) by Countout - 5-on-5 Survivor Series Elimination Match (Razor Ramon is a Sole Survivor)
Team Jarrett (Jeff Jarrett, The Quebecers (Jacques and Pierre) and The Heavenly Bodies (Jimmy Del Ray and Tom Pritchard)) (w/Jim Cornette and Johnny Polo) def. Team Savage (Randy Savage, The Steiner Brothers (Rick and Scott Steiner), and The Headshrinkers (Fatu and Samu)) (w/Afa, Lou Albano, Mr. Perfect, and Miss Elizabeth) - 5-on-5 Survivor Series Elimination Match (Jeff Jarrett and The Heavenly Bodies are the Sole Survivors)
Bret Hart def. Owen Hart (c) by Submission - Submission Match for the WWE Championship (with Bob Backlund as Special Guest Referee)
The Million Dollar Team (Bam Bam Bigelow, Tatanka, Irwin R. Schyster, Sycho Sid, and King Kong Bundy) (w/Ted DiBiase) def. Guts and Glory (Lex Luger, Adam Bomb, Bob Holly, and The Smoking Gunns (Billy and Bart Gunn)) - 5-on-5 Survivor Series Elimination Match (Bam Bam Bigelow and King Kong Bundy are the Sole Survivors)
Team Blayze (Alundra Blayze, Akira Hokuto, Mayumi Ozaki, and Cutie Suzuki) def. Team Nakano (Bull Nakano, Luna Vachon, Leilani Kai, and Heidi Lee Morgan) - 4-on-4 Survivor Series Elimination Match (Team Blayze clean sweep)
The Undertaker (w/Paul Bearer) def. Yokozuna (w/Mr. Fuji and Jim Cornette) - Casket Match (with Chuck Norris as a Special Guest Referee)
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Survivor Series '95 (November 19, 1995 at the USAir Arena in Landover, Maryland):
The BodyDonnas (Skip, Rad Radford, The 1-2-3 Kid, Tom Pritchard, and Goldust) (w/Sunny, Ted DiBiase, and Marlena) def. The Underdogs (Marty Jannetty, Hakushi, Barry Horowitz, Bob Holly, and Bam Bam Bigelow) - 5-on-5 Survivor Series Elimination Match (The 1-2-3 Kid is a Sole Survivor)
Team Faye (Bertha Faye, Luna Vachon, Aja Kong, Tomoko Watanabe, and Lioness Asuka) (w/Ted DiBiase and Harvey Wippleman) def. Team Blayze (Alundra Blayze, Manami Toyota, Kyoko Inoue, Sakie Hasegawa, and Chaparita Asari) - 5-on-5 Survivor Series Elimination Match (Aja Kong is a Sole Survivor)
The Smoking Gunns (Billy and Bart Gunn) (c) def. Jeff Jarrett and The Roadie - WWE Tag Team Championship Match
The Darkside (The Undertaker, Savio Vega, Fatu, Adam Bomb, and Henry O. Godwinn) (w/Paul Bearer and Hillbilly Jim) def. The Royals (Jerry Lawler, Isaac Yankem DDS, Hunter Hearst Helmsley, and Men on a Mission (Mabel and Mo)) (w/Harvey Wippleman) - 5-on-5 Survivor Series Elimination Match (Undertaker, Fatu, Savio, and Godwinn are the Sole Survivors)
Team Michaels (Shawn Michaels, Ahmed Johnson, The British Bulldog, Tatanka, and Sycho Sid) (w/Ted DiBiase) def. Team Razor (Razor Ramon, Yokozuna, Jean-Pierre Lafitte, Owen Hart, and Jim Neidhart) (w/Mr. Fuji, Jim Cornette, Dean Douglas) - 5-on-5 "Wild Card" Survivor Series Elimination Match (Ahmed, Bulldog, and HBK are the Sole Survivors)
Bret Hart def. Diesel (c) - No Disqualification Match for the WWE Championship (TITLE CHANGE)
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Survivor Series '96 (November 17, 1996 at the Madison Square Garden in New York City, New York):
Mark Henry def. Jerry Lawler by Countout
Team Bart (Bart Gunn, Phil LaFon, Doug Furnas, and The Godwinns (Henry O. and Phineas I. Godwinn)) def. Team Billy (Billy Gunn, Owen Hart, The British Bulldog, and The New Rockers (Marty Jannetty and Leif Cassidy)) - 5-on-5 Survivor Series Elimination Match (Doug Furnas and Phil LaFon are the Sole Survivors)
Bob Holly def. Justin Bradshaw (w/Uncle Zebekiah)
The Undertaker def. Mankind (Paul Bearer was suspended above the ring in a shark cage)
Faarooq (w/Clarence Mason) def. Ahmed Johnson (c) by Disqualification - WWE Intercontinental Championship Match
Team Wildman (Marc Mero, Jake Roberts, The Ultimate Warrior, Rocky Maivia, and Savio Vega) (w/Sable) def. Team Austin (Stone Cold Steve Austin, Hunter Hearst Helmsley, Goldust, Crush, and Sycho Sid) (w/Clerence Mason, Chyna and Marlena) - 5-on-5 Survivor Series Elimination Match (Rocky Maivia is a Sole Survivor)
Bret Hart def. Shawn Michaels and Vader (c) - Three-Way Dance Match for the WWE Championship (TITLE CHANGE)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
​
Part 3 is coming soon (Survivor Series 1997 to Survivor Series 2001).
submitted by AC_the_Panther_007 to fantasybooking [link] [comments]

2023.06.04 07:01 SubManagerBot Incomplete and Growing List of Participating Subreddits

Please see pinned comment for most recent participating subreddit statistics

Please see Thread 2 for 50k and below due to text limit.

Subreddits Participating On June 12th.

30+ million:

aww
gaming
Music
Pics
todayilearned

20+ million:

art
DIY
EarthPorn
explainlikeimfive
gadgets
LifeProTips
mildlyinteresting
sports
videos

10+ million:

creepy
Damnthatsinteresting
Futurology
history
interestingasfuck
InternetIsBeautiful
lifehacks
NatureIsFuckingLit
nosleep
philosophy
tifu
unexpected

5+ million:

AnimalsBeingBros
AnimalsBeingDerps
AnimalsBeingJerks
anime
AskMen
askwomen
bestof
BlackPeopleTwitter
buildapc
Confession
ContagiousLaughter
cryptocurrency
FoodPorn
HistoryMemes
HumansBeingBros
malefashionadvice
me_irl
minecraft
nba
nextfuckinglevel
photography
ps4
Tattoos

1+ million:

2meirl4meirl
3amjokes
AbruptChaos
AbsoluteUnits
adorableporn
agedlikemilk
Amateur
amateurcumsluts
AMD
Android
AnimalTextGifs
antiwork
Apple
applyingtocollege
architecture
askhistorians
AssholeDesign
astrophotography
atheism
audiophile
Australia
Battlestations
BiggerThanYouThought
blackmagicfuckery
blessedimages
blursedimages
boardgames
bodyweightfitness
BoneAppleTea
booksuggestions
boxoffice
brasil
BreedingMaterial
BustyPetite
BuyItForLife
Canada
cars
CasualUK
cats
catswithjobs
childfree
childrenfallingover
cinemagraphs
CleverComebacks
climbing
college
CollegeAmateurs
collegebasketball
comedycemetery
comedyheaven
confusing_perspective
Cooking
CozyPlaces
crafts
CrazyfuckingVideos
creampies
cscareerquestions
cumsluts
cursedcomments
CuteLittleButts
de
DecidingToBeBetter
design
destinythegame
digitalpainting
Disney
DnD
dndmemes
DotA2
drawing
DunderMifflin
electronicmusic
europe
eyebleach
Fantasy
fantasyfootball
FellowKids
femalefashionadvice
financialindependence
formula1
france
freefolk
Frugal
Gamedev
gameofthrones
GirlsFinishingTheJob
GlobalOffensive
gonewild30plus
gonewildaudio
gothsluts
graphic_design
hacking
Halo
hardware
harrypotter
Hearthstone
hiphopheads
HobbyDrama
HoldMyFeedingTube
holdthemoan
holup
homeautomation
HomeImprovement
horror
houseplants
howto
hydrohomies
iamverysmart
IDontWorkHereLady
illegallysmolcats
im14andthisisdeep
indieheads
insanepeoplefacebook
instantkarma
iphone
IWantToLearn
Jobs
KerbalSpaceProgram
kpop
LetsNotMeet
likeus
LipsThatGrip
LivestreamFail
lotrmemes
mac
madlads
Makeup
malelivingspace
Marvel
MarvelStudios
maybemaybemaybe
MealtimeVideos
MechanicalKeyboards
meirl
metal
milf
minimalism
MMA
MostBeautiful
MovieDetails
MurderedByWords
nasa
niceguys
Nintendo
nonononoyes
nsfw_gifs
nsfwhardcore
nvidia
oddlyspecific
OnlyFans101
OnOff
palegirls
paranormal
pcgaming
perfectlycutscreams
Philippines
photoCritique
piracy
Poetry
popculturechat
popheads
PornhubComments
PornID
PrequelMemes
programmerhumor
PS5
PUBATTLEGROUNDS
PublicFlashing
publicfreakout
Pussy
RarePuppers
Raspberry_Pi
reactiongifs
RealGirls
reddeadredemption
relationships
Robinhood
RocketLeague
rpg
Screenwriting
self
ShingekiNoKyojin
ShitpostCrusaders
shitposting
shittylifeprotips
SimpleLiving
skyrim
sneakers
snowboarding
soccer
socialskills
somethingimade
squirting
StardewValley
StarWars
Steam
suggestmeabook
suspiciouslyspecific
SweatyPalms
technicallythetruth
techsupport
teenagers
Terraria
Thewalkingdead
ThriftStoreHauls
tihi
TinyTits
tipofmytongue
TooAfraidToAsk
tooktoomuch
trees
TrueCrime
truegaming
TwoSentenceHorror
UKPersonalFinance
UnitedKingdom
UrbanHell
VALORANT
watches
wellthatsucks
WhatIsThisThing
whatsthisplant
WhatsWrongWithYourDog
woodworking
worldpolitics
wow
writing
XboxOne
XboxSeriesX
xxfitness
youtubehaiku
ZeroWaste
Zoomies

500k+:

2007scape
52book
aa_cups
abelladanger
AccidentalRenaissance
ActLikeYouBelong
ActualPublicFreakouts
adhdmeme
AmongUs
animesuggest
antimeme
antimlm
AppleWatch
AskEurope
AskScienceFiction
asoiaf
AssholeBehindThong
assinthong
badwomensanatomy
bayarea
bdsm
bestoflegaladvice
BestofRedditorUpdates
bodyperfection
BollyBlindsNGossip
Boobies
BootTooBig
Boston
Braless
Breath_of_the_Wild
Breeding
brooklynninenine
burstingout
cawwsplay
chess
Chicago
chromeos
civ
community
ConvenientCop
cosplayprops
cricket
crochet
crossfit
Cursed_Images
cybersecurity
daddit
DarkAngels
darkjokes
dbz
DigitalArt
disneyland
DMAcademy
DndBehindTheScreen
dndnext
doctorwho
doodles
EASportsFC
edmproduction
EngineeringStudents
engrish
escapefromtarkov
Exxxtras
facedownassup
fauxmoi
FestivalSluts
ffxiv
findareddit
Fingering
firstworldanarchists
FlashingGirls
FloridaMan
formuladank
Gamingcirclejerk
gatekeeping
GirlswithGlasses
Glitch_in_the_Matrix
GoneMild
GoneWildStories
GooglePixel
GTA
guns
gwpublic
gymmemes
headphones
hmm
homelab
hometheater
horny
Hotchickswithtattoos
HouseOfTheDragon
hugeboobs
hulu
ich_iel
ifyoulikeblank
ihavesex
Illustration
IndianBabes
Intel
Ireland
IRLEasterEggs
italy
IthadToBeBrazil
jailbreak
JustGuysBeingDudes
KGBTR
LabRats
Lakers
libertarian
linux
london
losangeles
lotr
LoveIsBlindOnNetflix
magicTCG
MakeNewFriendsHere
mangacoloring
medicalschool
Megalophobia
Melbourne
minecraftbuilds
MinecraftMemes
mls
mommit
MorbidReality
mycology
notinteresting
obsf
oldphotosinreallife
Olympics
OnlyFansAsstastic
orgasms
PantiesToTheSide
pathofexile
photoshop
pizza
PLASTT
politicalcompassmemes
PornStarletHQ
pussypassdenied
r4r
Ratemypussy
rearpussy
reddevils
redneckengineering
RileyReid
romania
sbubby
Scams
Seattle
seduction
seethru
SelfAwarewolves
SexyTummies
shavedpussies
ShittyMovieDetails
simps
singapore
slutwife
smashbros
spiderman
Squaredcircle
StardustCrusaders
startrek
StraightGirlsPlaying
Subnautica
Sweden
tanlines
taylorswift
technews
tennis
tf2
Tgirls
thatlookedexpensive
TheBoys
TheSims
thighhighs
tits
toronto
traphentai
TrueCrimePodcasts
Turkey
Ultralight
vegetarian
Warframe
watchpeoplesurvive
Whatswrongwithyourcat
Wholesome
whooties
WhyWomenLiveLonger
WitchesVsPatriarchy
WomenOfColor
yesyesyesno
YoungGirlsGoneWild
YouTube

250k+:

1200isplenty
196
49ers
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
Ableton
acrylicpainting
adultneeds
Alternativerock
AmoledBackgrounds
anarchism
AnarchyChess
androidapps
AndroidGaming
anime_titties
Animewallpaper
arabfunny
arizona
Ark
AsianAmericanPorn
AskMenOver30
askphilosophy
AskPhotography
asktransgender
askwomenadvice
asmr
astrology
AusLegal
Austria
autism
aves
badcode
badHistory
Battlefield
beginnerwoodworking
belgium
bigboye
bindingofisaac
blackcats
BLACKPINK
blep
Bloodborne
BobsBurgers
Bollywood
BollywoodFashion
bootyshorts
bostonceltics
BreadStapledToTrees
BreakingTheSeal
breakups
BreastEnvy
brisbane
britishcolumbia
BritishSuccess
broslikeus
budgetcooking
cakedecorating
cameltoe
Characterdrawing
chile
china
circlejerk
cocktails
collapse
collegensfw
competitiveoverwatch
cordcutters
Costco
Couplesporn
crackwatch
CrimeScene
CrossStitch
CuteModeSlutMode
czech
Dadswhodidnotwantpets
DarkSouls
DarkSouls2
datgap
delhi
Denmark
Diablo4
DMT
dndgreentext
dogtraining
dontflinch
doublepenetration
eagles
edc
Egg_irl
ElderScrolls
electricians
EliteDangerous
emulation
EntitledPeople
espresso
eu4
ExhibitionistSex
factorio
fakedisordercringe
FanFiction
fantasybaseball
feedthebeast
FemboyHentai
feminism
FinalFantasy
Finanzen
fireemblem
fixedbytheduet
fixit
Florida
forhonor
Forza
FrankOcean
free
fuckcars
fuckingmachines
FuckNestle
furry
futebol
GamingDetails
gatesopencomeonin
gaybros
gaymers
GirlsWithGirls
GodTierSuperpowers
GoneWildSmiles
Gorillaz
GPT3
grandorder
greebles
GreenBayPackers
grilledcheese
GTAorRussia
guildwars2
guitarlessons
gunners
Happycryingdads
hardcoreaww
HarryPotterGame
HelpMeFind
hipcleavage
hoi4
hue
hungary
Iamactuallyverybadass
Ifyouhadtopickone
imaginarymaps
IndiaNostalgia
IndiaSocial
iOS
ITCareerQuestions
japan
japanpics
justbootthings
Kerala
Killthecameraman
KingdomHearts
Kombucha
LadyBoners
LatinasGW
leafs
legs
lewdgames
LinkedInLunatics
LinusTechTips
linuxmasterrace
livefromnewyork
Liverpoolfc
Longboarding
lostarkgame
LOTR_on_Prime
love
LoveIslandTV
LucidDreaming
lululemon
MagicArena
MakeUpAddictionUK
malefashion
malehairadvice
marijuanaenthusiasts
Markiplier
me_irlgbt
MedicalGore
memesITA
Metalcore
Michigan
microgrowery
MinecraftCommands
minecraftseeds
minecraftsuggestions
minnesota
misleadingthumbnails
ModeratePolitics
montreal
MouseReview
MurderedByAOC
MusicForConcentration
naughtyinpublic
Neverbrokeabone
NewTubers
NewZealand
Nofans
NonCredibleDefense
NorthCarolina
Notion
Nursing
occult
Ohlympics
OnGuardForThee
OnlyFansBusty
OnlyFansPetite
orangecounty
osugame
Ottawa
outercourse
paintings
Paris
PassionX
PAWGtastic
pelfie
PeopleBeingJerks
Permaculture
Persona5
phgonewild
phoenix
pitbulls
PlantBasedDiet
PlayStationPlus
Portland
portugal
PrintSF
PristineGirls
projectzomboid
ProtectandServe
putaneggonit
Quebec
radiohead
raimimemes
rance
RATS
recruitinghell
reddeadonline
RedheadGifs
religiousfruitcake
retrogaming
runescape
Samsung
saopaulo
Sashagrey
ScarySigns
selfhosted
SequelMemes
SexyFrex
SexyWomanOfTheDay
shittyrainbow6
Shortcuts
SipsTea
slightcellulite
Smite
socialanxiety
Sourdough
spreading
StableDiffusion
starbucks
starcitizen
starcraft
StarWarsSpeculation
stellaris
StudentLoans
suctiondildos
Suomi
Superbowl
survivor
sustainability
Switzerland
Sydney
tarot
Teachers
thanksimcured
thedivision
TheGoodPlace
TheMonkeysPaw
thingsforants
thisismylifemeow
tight_shorts
tipofmyjoystick
titanfall
Titties
TolkienFans
totallynotrobots
TrebuchetMemes
TrumpCriticizesTrump
Uberdrivers
Unearthedarcana
unitedstatesofindia
unixporn
UnsentLetters
urbandesign
Valheim
Vancouver
vaxxhappened
Vietnam
Virginia
washingtonDC
WeddingRingsShowing
westernhentai
whatcarshouldIbuy
whatsthisbird
whenthe
WholesomeHentai
whowouldwin
wikipedia
xbox
YAlit
yugioh

100k+:

11foot8
197
2020PoliceBrutality
3d6
3DHentai
abstractart
AccidentalSatanism
admincraft
adobeillustrator
adultswim
amateurradio
AmericanDad
AmITheDevil
Amsterdam
analcreampies
androidthemes
AnimalsBeingConfused
AnimalsBeingMoms
animepiracy
AnthemTheGame
antiassholedesign
AOC
applehelp
Applemusic
archlinux
arknights
arrow
Artistic_Hentai
AskABrit
AskAnAustralian
askastrologers
askfeminists
AskGayMen
asklatinamerica
askmexico
AskNetSec
AskSwitzerland
askTO
asmongold
aspiememes
AttackOnTitties
audi
audiobooks
AussieGirls
bali
balkans_irl
baltimore
Barca
bass
BatmanArkham
battlefield_one
battlefield2042
BattlefieldV
BeansInThings
Beardsandboners
bedroompop
berkeley
BiGoneMild
Bikini
bikinibridge
Bluey
bookclub
borrow
botany
botecodoreddit
brandonsanderson
Brawlhalla
breakfastfood
Brooklyn
bugout
buildapcsalesuk
Bustyfit
buttcoin
cactus
camphalfblood
CanadaPolitics
cannabis
canucks
CasualPH
catbellies
CatsBeingCats
cbse
CCW
celebritymommy
CHIBears
ChineseLanguage
chrome
cigars
cincinnati
ClassroomOfTheElite
Clits
commanders
COMPLETEANARCHY
conceptart
conversas
Cosmere
coys
cpp
croatia
crochetpatterns
csharp
Cubers
cuentaleareddit
Cuphead
cursedmemes
DadsGoneWild
DangerousDesign
DaniDev
DankMemesFromSite19
darkestdungeon
dataengineering
DBZDokkanBattle
DDLC
DebateReligion
DemocraticSocialism
DemonsSouls
Detroit
DetroitRedwings
DevilMayCry
DiscGolf
distressingmemes
DJs
Dogberg
doordash
doordash_drivers
doublevaginal
dubai
Dubstep
EdgingTalk
EDH
edinburgh
electricdaisycarnival
ElsaGate
Emily_Lynne
ems
EmulationOnAndroid
EnoughMuskSpam
espanol
Essex
ethdev
etymology
eurovision
expats
extremelyinfuriating
f1technical
FacebookWins
FairytaleasFuck
festivals
fetish
FFVIIRemake
FifaCareers
Finland
firearms
FireEmblemHeroes
Firefox
flashlight
flatchested
flightsim
FlutterDev
fpvracing
fuckHOA
furry_irl
FutaCum
futanari_comics
g59
gachagaming
gamecollecting
GameSale
GamingLaptops
GarlicBreadMemes
garmin
gaybrosgonemild
GaySoundsShitposts
geology
GirlGamers
girlsfrontline
GirlsWithToys
GlobalOffensiveTrade
GoneWildAudible
googlemapsshenanigans
gradadmissions
Greece
groestlcoin
GTBAE
GuiltyGear
guitarpedals
Gundam
hackintosh
Halifax
handinpanties
harley
HaveWeMet
hawaii
HellsomeMemes
Helltaker
HelltakerHentai
heteroflexible
highdeas
HighHeels
hiphop
hiphopimages
historiasdeterror
homeassistant
hotwifechallenges
HypnoHentai
IDOWORKHERELADY
IKEA
ImaginaryWarhammer
ImFinnaGoToHell
incremental_games
IndieDev
IndyCar
iOSthemes
ironscape
israel
itsaunixsystem
japanesefood
JerkOffToAnime
jerseyshore
justdependathings
justforsocialmedia
JustUnsubbed
killedthecameraman
kindle
knifeclub
kotakuinaction
kotor
kpophelp
kpopthoughts
kubernetes
LegalCollegeGirls
lfg
lgbtmemes
liberalgunowners
lickingdick
linuxmemes
lockpicking
longisland
mapmaking
martialarts
Maryland
MCPE
mead
medical
MedicalSchoolAnki
Megaten
MensLib
Miami
MicroBikini
Mid_Century
MinecraftChampionship
minnesotavikings
miraculousladybug
mirrorsforsale
MkeBucks
mmamemes
modelmakers
Monitors
Mooning
Mountaineering
MovieMistakes
Multicopter
Munich
MxRMods
mylittlepony
namethatcar
nbacirclejerk
nbaspurs
Nepal
netorare
netsecstudents
NewOrleans
NewYorkCity
NoLawns
nopanties
norge
nrl
NSFWfashion
nudism
OCPoetry
Oilpen
OnlyFansBlonde
OnlyFansBrunette
Onlyfanssmallgirls
Ooer
oopsthatsdeadly
opendirectories
orlando
Orphancrushingmachine
otters
pagan
Paizuri
Paleontology
Panthers
paradoxplaza
Pathfinder_RPG
pathofexilebuilds
PCOS
peliculas
Perky
pharmacy
PHGamers
photographs
PHP
pikabu
pittsburgh
pizzacrimes
politecats
polls
PornstarsHD
PORTUGALCARALHO
posture
preguntaleareddit
PresidentialRaceMemes
ProCreate
ProgrammerDadJokes
promoteonlyfans
PurplePillDebate
quilting
raleigh
Random_Acts_Of_Amazon
RASPBERRY_PI_PROJECTS
rawdenim
razer
realsexyselfies
redsox
revancedapp
reverseanimalrescue
RiskyPorn
RLFashionAdvice
robloxgamedev
RocketLeagueEsports
RocketLeagueExchange
Roll20
RomanceBooks
RPClipsGTA
RWBY
sadboys
sailormoon
samplesize
Scotch
seahawks
sexygirlsinjeans
SFGiants
ShitpostXIV
ShittyDarkSouls
shittyveganfoodporn
Shopify
shortsqueeze
SiriPornstar
SissyChastity
skookum
Slovakia
softies
software
solar
solarpunk
solesandholes
SoloMasturbation
SonicTheHedgehog
soundslikemusic
southafrica
spanking
spidergwen_34
spiders
StandingOut
Stargate
StarWarsCantina
SteamVR
steelers
steinsgate
Steroids
Stormlight_Archive
straykids
StreetFighter
StudentNurse
stunfisk
SuddenlyIncest
swimming
swtor
synology
taiwan
TedLasso
Tendies
TerrainBuilding
Thailand
the10thdentist
thecatdimension
TheDragonPrince
TheExpanse
TheLastofUsHBOseries
TheOwlHouse
therapy
thesopranos
TheUnderboob
TheUnderbun
theydidthemonstermath
Thighs
tiktokgossip
tja
tmobile
tookjustenough
TorontoBlueJays
toyota
translator
truecreepy
TVDetails
twitter
TwoRedditorsOneCup
TwoSentenceHappiness
UberEats
Ultramarathon
ultrawidemasterrace
urbanplanning
uselessredcircle
userexperience
UtahJazz
UXDesign
ValorantCompetitive
victoria3
Vita
vmware
VRchat
wallpaperengine
WastedGifs
Wellworn
whatisthiscar
WhatsTheWord
whiskey
wien
wine
wirklichgutefrage
Wordpress
wownoob
WWEGames
WWIIpics
XboxGamePass
Xenoblade_Chronicles
yakuzagames
Yogscast
YouTubers
ZootopiaPorn

50k+:

1200isjerky
18_22
19684
420
4Runner
600euro
AbolishTheMonarchy
ACMilan
AEWOfficial
AirplaneNudes
Alaska
Alpinism
AltBoobWorld
AmazonFlexDrivers
animalcrossingr34
AnimalsBeingStrange
antitrampo
AO3
Asexual
AsianPussyAss
Ask_Lawyers
askagerman
askgaybrosover30
asktrumpsupporters
asl
AustralianNostalgia
Avatar
ayudamexico
BakeOff
baldursgate
BeamNG
behindthebastards
bengalcats
BigMouth
blahaj
Blursedcomments
boating
BodyAcceptance
bonnebouffe
brandonherrara
bratlife
Brazil
brdev
brunei
CalamityMod
calgaryflames
Canadapublicservants
canberra
Canon
caps
carscirclejerk
cartoons
CasualIreland
casualknitting
casualro
catan
catsinpants
Chadposting
chargers
Charleston
chickswearingchucks
Chinesium
Chipotle
ChronicIllness
civ5
clevelandcavs
ColoradoAvalanche
Colts
commandandconquer
conspiracyNOPOL
contestofchampions
corridor
Couriersofreddit
cpp_questions
cremposting
criminalminds
css_irl
custommagic
dadbod
Daddypics
dancemoms
DarkSidePlayground
DaystromInstitute
dbxv
deadpool
DeadSpace
DebateAnAtheist
DebtStrike
DeepDream
DeepthroatTube
degoogle
DGU
discworld
DisneyWorld
DIY_eJuice
DogShowerThoughts
dragonball
DrakeTheType
EdgeTogether
electricskateboarding
EmpireGrowerStudios
entp
esp32
ethicalfashion
EtsySellers
ExplainAFilmPlotBadly
F1NN5TER
Fakemon
fcbayern
FilmClubPH
Firefighting
flyers
FootjobCum
FootTalk
FostTalicska
freestickers
fuckwasps
Galatasaray
GameSwap
geckos
GeForceNOW
genderqueer
geocaching
geschichte
gingerdudes
Girlcum
gis
Gloomhaven
Gnome
GoForGold
gpumining
GreatBritishBakeOff
GreekMythology
Grubhubdrivers
guessmyage
guitarcirclejerk
GWASapphic
Habs
harborfreight
HarryPotterBooks
HeSquats
highschool
hingeapp
HireaWriter
hockeyjerseys
hoggit
horrorgaming
HorrorMovieNudes
hotas
hotones
howardstern
HPfanfiction
humansarespaceorcs
humblebundles
HypixelSkyblock
iamveryculinary
Idiomas
imperator
IndianHipHopHeads
Indianinstagramreels
Indianmedschool
Ingress
insurance
Invisalign
IsolatedVocals
ispeakthelanguage
ItaliaPersonalFinance
itrunsdoom
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2023.06.03 19:01 AutoModerator Watch >>Fast X>> (2023) Streaming Online Free FOr [Reddit] At Home

The end of the road begins. Fast X, the tenth film in the Fast and Furious Saga, launches the final chapters of one of cinema's most storied and popular global franchises, now in its third decade and still going strong with the same core cast and characters as when it began. Over many missions and against impossible odds, Dom Toretto (Vin Diesel) and his family have outsmarted, out-nerved and outdriven every foe in their path.
👉🎬DOWNLOAD Watch Now :Fast X streaming the full movie
👉🎬DOWNLOAD Watch Now : Fast X streaming the full movie
Now, they confront the most lethal opponent they've ever faced: A terrifying threat emerging from the shadows of the past who's fueled by blood revenge, and who is determined to shatter this family and destroy everything-and everyone-that Dom loves, forever. In 2011's Fast Five, Dom and his crew took out nefarious Brazilian drug kingpin Hernan Reyes and decapitated his empire on a bridge in Rio De Janeiro. What they didn't know was that Reyes' son, Dante (Aquaman's Jason Momoa), witnessed it all and has spent the last 12 years masterminding a plan to make Dom pay the ultimate price. Dante's plot will scatter Dom's family from Los Angeles to the catacombs of Rome, from Brazil to London and from Portugal to Antarctica. New allies will be forged and old enemies will resurface. But everything changes when Dom discovers that his own 8-year-old son (Leo Abelo Perry, Black-ish) is the ultimate target of Dante's vengeance. Directed by Louis Leterrier (Clash of the Titans, The Incredible Hulk), Fast X stars returning cast members Michelle Rodriguez, Tyrese Gibson, Chris "Ludacris" Bridges, Nathalie Emmanuel, Jordana Brewster, Sung Kang, Jason Statham, John Cena and Scott Eastwood, with Oscar® winner Helen Mirren and Oscar® winner Charlize Theron. The film also features an extraordinary new cast including Oscar® winner Brie Larson as Tess, a rogue representative from the Agency; Alan Richtson (Reacher) as Aimes, the new head of the Agency who doesn't hold the same fondness for Dom's crew as his predecessor, Mr. Nobody; Daniela Melchior (The Suicide Squad) as a Brazilian street racer with a powerful tie to Dom's past; and legendary Oscar® winner Rita Moreno as Dom and Mia's Abuelita Toretto. Fast X is produced by Neal H. Moritz, Vin Diesel, Justin Lin, Jeff Kirschenbaum and Samantha Vincent. The executive producers are Joseph M. Caracciolo, Jr., David Cain, Chris Morgan, Amanda Lewis and Mark Bomback.
Plot summaryPlot synopsis
Taglines
The Last Ride
Genres
ActionAdventureCrimeMysteryThriller
Motion Picture Rating (MPAA)
Rated PG-13 for intense sequences of violence and action, language and some suggestive material
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2023.06.03 18:42 AutoModerator Watch >>Fast X>> (2023) Streaming Online Free FOr [Reddit] At Home

The end of the road begins. Fast X, the tenth film in the Fast and Furious Saga, launches the final chapters of one of cinema's most storied and popular global franchises, now in its third decade and still going strong with the same core cast and characters as when it began. Over many missions and against impossible odds, Dom Toretto (Vin Diesel) and his family have outsmarted, out-nerved and outdriven every foe in their path.
👉🎬DOWNLOAD Watch Now :Fast X streaming the full movie
👉🎬DOWNLOAD Watch Now : Fast X streaming the full movie
​
Now, they confront the most lethal opponent they've ever faced: A terrifying threat emerging from the shadows of the past who's fueled by blood revenge, and who is determined to shatter this family and destroy everything-and everyone-that Dom loves, forever. In 2011's Fast Five, Dom and his crew took out nefarious Brazilian drug kingpin Hernan Reyes and decapitated his empire on a bridge in Rio De Janeiro. What they didn't know was that Reyes' son, Dante (Aquaman's Jason Momoa), witnessed it all and has spent the last 12 years masterminding a plan to make Dom pay the ultimate price. Dante's plot will scatter Dom's family from Los Angeles to the catacombs of Rome, from Brazil to London and from Portugal to Antarctica. New allies will be forged and old enemies will resurface. But everything changes when Dom discovers that his own 8-year-old son (Leo Abelo Perry, Black-ish) is the ultimate target of Dante's vengeance. Directed by Louis Leterrier (Clash of the Titans, The Incredible Hulk), Fast X stars returning cast members Michelle Rodriguez, Tyrese Gibson, Chris "Ludacris" Bridges, Nathalie Emmanuel, Jordana Brewster, Sung Kang, Jason Statham, John Cena and Scott Eastwood, with Oscar® winner Helen Mirren and Oscar® winner Charlize Theron. The film also features an extraordinary new cast including Oscar® winner Brie Larson as Tess, a rogue representative from the Agency; Alan Richtson (Reacher) as Aimes, the new head of the Agency who doesn't hold the same fondness for Dom's crew as his predecessor, Mr. Nobody; Daniela Melchior (The Suicide Squad) as a Brazilian street racer with a powerful tie to Dom's past; and legendary Oscar® winner Rita Moreno as Dom and Mia's Abuelita Toretto. Fast X is produced by Neal H. Moritz, Vin Diesel, Justin Lin, Jeff Kirschenbaum and Samantha Vincent. The executive producers are Joseph M. Caracciolo, Jr., David Cain, Chris Morgan, Amanda Lewis and Mark Bomback.—www.thefastsaga.com
Plot summaryPlot synopsis
Taglines
The Last Ride
Genres
ActionAdventureCrimeMysteryThriller
Motion Picture Rating (MPAA)
Rated PG-13 for intense sequences of violence and action, language and some suggestive material
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2023.06.02 18:13 bikingfencer Galatians: introductions through chapter 2

Galatians (https://esv.literalword.com/?q=Galatians +1+2)  
The Gospel of Paul  
Paul can be forgiven for equating the destruction of Israel with the end of the world. Everyone who loves Israel wants to save her, the controversy between the Judaizers and Paul was over how to do it.  
From The Interpreters’ Bible:  
"Introduction  
-1. Occasion and Purpose  
Conservative preachers were persuading the Galatians that faith was not enough to make sure of God’s kingdom. Besides believing that Jesus was the Messiah, one must join the Jewish nation, observe the laws and customs of Moses, and refuse to eat with the Gentiles (2:11-14, 4:10). One must have Christ and Moses, faith and law. Paul insisted that it must be either Moses or Christ. (5:2-6). [Mind you, the congregations were literally segregated at meals according to whether the male members’ foreskins were circumcised; compare with the trouble regarding the allocations between the two groups of widows reported in Acts.]  
Not content with raising doubts concerning the sufficiency of Christ, the Judaizers attacked Paul’s credentials. They said that he had not been one of the original apostles, and that he was distorting the gospel which Peter and John and James the Lord’s brother were preaching. They declared that his proposal to abandon the law of Moses was contrary to the teaching of Jesus, and they insinuated that he had taken this radical step to please men with the specious promise of cheap admission to God’s kingdom (1:10). If he were allowed to have his way, men would believe and be baptized but keep on sinning, deluding themselves that the Christian sacraments would save them. Claiming to rise above Moses and the prophets, they would debase faith into magic, liberty into license, making Christ the abettor of sin (2:17). The Judaizers were alarmed lest Paul bring down God’s wrath and delay the kingdom. They had not shared the emotion of a catastrophic conversion like Paul’s, and they found it hard to understand when he talked about a new power which overcame sin and brought righteousness better than the best that the law could produce.  
Another party attacked Paul from the opposite side. Influenced by the pagan notion that religion transcends ethics and is separable from morality, they wanted to abandon the Old Testament and its prophetic insights. They could not see how Paul’s demand to crucify one’s old sinful nature and produce the fruit of the Spirit could be anything but a new form of slavery to law (2:19-20, 5:14, 2-24). They accused him of rebuilding the old legalism, and some said that he was still preaching circumcision (2:18; 5:11). Whereas the Judaizers rejected Paul’s gospel because they believed it contrary to the teaching of the original apostles, these antilegalists felt that he was so subservient to the apostles as to endanger the freedom of the Christian Movement.  
Actually Paul had risen above both legalism and sacramentarianism ... his faith was qualitatively different from mere assent to a creed (5:6). He was living on the plateau of the Spirit, where life was so free that men needed no law to say ‘Thou shalt’ and ‘Thou shalt not’ (5:22-24). But this rarefied atmosphere was hard to breathe, and neither side could understand him. The conservatives were watching for moral lapses… and the radicals blamed him for slowing the progress of Christianity by refusing to cut it loose from Judaism and its nationalistic religious imperialism.” (Stamm, TIB 1953, vol. X pp. 430)  
Paul’s defense of his gospel and apostleship was the more difficult because he had to maintain his right to go directly to Christ without the mediation of Peter and the rest, but had to do it in such a way as not to split the church and break the continuity of his gospel with the Old Testament and the apostolic traditions about Jesus and his teaching. …  
To this end Paul gave an account of his relations with the Jerusalem church during the seventeen years that followed his conversion (1:11-2:14). Instead of going to Jerusalem he went to Arabia, presumably to preach (1:17). After a time he returned to Damascus, and only three years later did he go to see Peter. Even then he stayed only fifteen days and saw no other apostle except James the Lord’s brother (1:18-20). Then he left for Syria and Cilicia, and not until another fourteen years had passed did he visit Jerusalem again. This time it was in response to a revelation from his Lord, and not to a summons by the authorities in the Hoy City.  
Paul emphasizes that neither visit implied an admission that his gospel needed the apostolic stamp to make it valid. His purpose was to get the apostles to treat the uncircumcised Gentile Christians as their equals in the church (2:2). Making a test case of Titus, he won his point (2:3-5). The apostles agreed that a Gentile could join the church by faith without first becoming a member of the synagogue by circumcision. … They … recognize[d] that his mission to the Gentiles was on the same footing as theirs to the Jews – only he was to remember the poor (2:7-10). So far was Paul from being subordinated that when Peter came to Antioch and wavered on eating with the Gentile Christians, Paul did not hesitate to rebuke him in public (2:11-14). (Stamm, 1953, TIB vol. X pp. 430-431)  
Paul’s defense of his apostolic commission involved the question: What is the seat of authority in religion? A Jewish rabbi debating the application of the kosher laws would quote the authority of Moses and the fathers in support of his view. Jewish tradition declared that God delivered the law to Moses, and Moses to Joshua, and Joshua to the elders, and the elders to the men of the Great Synagogue, and that they had handed it down through an unbroken rabbinical succession to the present. If Paul had been a Christian rabbi, he could have treated the Sermon on the Mount as a new law from a new Sinai, which God had delivered to Jesus, and Jesus to Peter, and Peter to Paul, and Paul to Timothy and Titus, and so on through an unbroken apostolic succession until the second coming of Christ. Instead of taking his problems directly to this Lord in prayer, he would ask, ‘What does Peter say that Jesus did and said about it?’ And if Peter or the other apostles happened not to have a pronouncement from Jesus on a given subject, they would need to apply some other saying to his by reasoning from analogy. This would turn the gospel into a system of legalism, with casuistry for its guide, making Jesus a second Moses – a prophet who lived and died in a dim and distant past and left only a written code to guide the future. Jesus would not have been the living Lord, personally present in his church in every age as the daily companion of his members. That is why Paul insisted that Christ must not be confused or combined with Moses, but must be all in all.  
The Judaizers assumed that God had revealed to Moses all of his will, and nothing but this will, for all time, changeless and unchangeable; and that death was the penalty for tampering with it. The rest of the scriptures and the oral tradition which developed and applied them were believed to be implicit in the Pentateuch as an oak in an acorn. The first duty of the teacher was to transmit the Torah exactly as he had received it from the men of old. Only then might he give his own opinion, which must never contradict but always be validated by the authority of the past. When authorities differed, the teacher must labor to reconcile them. Elaborate rules of interpretation were devised to help decide cases not covered by specific provision in the scripture. These rules made it possible to apply a changeless revelation to changing conditions, but they also presented a dilemma. The interpreter might modernize by reading into his Bible ideas that were not in the minds of its writers, or he might quench his own creative insights by fearing to go beyond what was written. Those who modernized the Old Testament were beset with the perils of incipient Gnosticism, while those who, like the Sadducees, accepted nothing but the written Torah could misuse it to obstruct social and religious progress. (Stamm, 1953, TIB X pp. 431-432)  
To submit to circumcision would have betrayed the truth of the gospel because it contradicted the principle that all is of grace and grace is for all (2:5). Perpetuated in the church of Christ, the kosher code and other Jewish customs would have destroyed the fellowship. Few things could have hurt the feelings and heaped more indignity upon the Gentiles than the spiritual snobbery of refusing to eat with them.  
The tragedy of division was proportional to the sincerity of men’s scruples. The Jews were brought up to believe that eating with Gentiles was a flagrant violation of God’s revealed will which would bring down his terrible wrath. How strongly both sides felt appears in Paul’s account of the stormy conference at Jerusalem and the angry dispute that followed it at Antioch (2:1-14). Paul claimed that refusal to eat with a Gentile brother would deny that the grace of Christ was sufficient to make him worthy of the kingdom. If all men were sons of God through Christ, there could be no classes of Jew or Greek, slave or free, male or female (3:26-28). What mattered was neither circumcision not uncircumcision, but only faith and a new act of creation by the Spirit (5:6; 6”15). (Stamm, 1953, TIB X p. 433)  
Church unity was essential to the success of Christian missions. Friction between Aramaic and Greek-speaking Jewish Christians in Palestine had to be eliminated (Acts 6:1). The death of Stephen and a special vision to Peter were required to convince the conservatives of the propriety of admitting the Gentiles on an equality with the Jews; and even Peter was amazed that God had given them the same gift of the Spirit (Act 11: 1-18). This hesitation was potentially fatal to the spread of Christianity beyond Palestine. Many Gentiles had been attracted by the pure monotheism and high morality of Judaism but were not willing to break with their native culture by submitting to the painful initiatory rite and social stigma of being a Jew…. Had the church kept circumcision as a requirement for membership, it could not have freed itself from Jewish nationalism.” (Stamm, 1953, TIB X p. 433)  
III. Some Characteristics of Paul’s Thinking  
… “the law” of which Paul is speaking does not coincide with “law” in a twentieth-century state with representative government. His Greek word was νομος [nomos], an inadequate translation of the Hebrew “Torah,” which included much more than “law” as we use the term. [When “תורה ThORaH” appears in the text I translate it as “Instruction” – its literal definition - capitalized.] Torah was teaching on any subject concerning the will of God as revealed in the Scriptures. Since the Jews did not divide life into two compartments labeled “religious” and “secular,” their law covered both their spiritual and their civil life. Nor did Paul and his fellow Jews think in terms of “nature” and the “natural law.” They believed that everything that happened was God’s doing, directly or by his permission. The messiah was expected to restore the ancient theocracy with its power over both civil and religious affairs.  
The Gentiles too were accustomed to state regulation of religion and priestly control of civil affairs. The Greek city-states had always managed the relations of their citizens with the gods, and Alexander the Great prepared the way for religious imperialism. When he invaded Asia, he consolidated his power by the ancient Oriental idea that the ruler was a god or a son of God. His successors, in their endless wars over the fragments of his empire, adopted the same device. Posing as “savior-gods,” they liberated their victims by enslaving them. The Romans did likewise, believing that the safety of their empire depended upon correct legal relations with the gods who had founded it. … Each city had its temple dedicated to the emperor, and its patriotic priests to see that everyone burned incense before his statue. Having done this, the worshiper was free under Roman ‘tolerance’ to adopt any other legal religion. … Whether salvation was offered in the name of the ancient gods of the Orient, or of Greece, or of the emperor of Rome, or of Yahweh the theocratic king of the Jews, the favor of the deity was thought to depend upon obedience to his law.  
One did not therefore have to be a Jew to be a legalist in religion. … Since Paul’s first converts were drawn from Gentiles who had been attending the synagogues, it is easy to see how Gentile Christians could be a zealous to add Moses to Christ as the most conservative Jew.  
This is what gave the Judaizers their hold in Galatia. The rivalry between the synagogue, which was engaged in winning men to worship the God of Moses, and the church, which was preaching the God who had revealed himself in Christ Jesus, was bound to raise the issue of legalism and stir up doubts about the sufficiency of Christ.  
Gentile and Jewish Christians alike would regard Paul’s preaching of salvation apart from the merit acquired by obedience to law as a violently revolutionary doctrine. Fidelity to his declaration of religious independence from all mediating rulers and priesthoods required a spiritual maturity of which most who heard his preaching were not yet capable. … Paul’s gospel has always been in danger of being stifled by those who would treat the teachings of Jesus as laws to be enforced by a hierarchy. (Stamm, TIB 1953, X pp. 434-435)  
V. Environment of Paul’s Churches in Galatia  
The conclusion concerning the destination of the epistle does not involve the essentials of its religious message, but it does affect our understanding of certain passages, such as 3:1 and 41:12, 20.  
From the earliest times that part of the world had been swept by the cross tides of migration and struggle for empire. The third millennium found the Hittites in possession. In the second millennium the Greeks and Phrygians came spilling over from Europe, and in the first millennium the remaining power of the Hittites was swept away by Babylon and Persia. Then came the turn of the Asiatic tide into Europe, only to be swept back again by Alexander the Great. But the Greek cities with which he and his successors dotted the map of Asia were like anthills destined to be leveled by Oriental reaction.  
About 278 B.C. new turmoil came with the Gauls, who were shunted from Greece and crossed into Asia to overrun Phrygia. Gradually the Greek kings succeeded in pushing them up into the central highlands, where they established themselves in the region of Ancyra. Thus located, they constituted a perpetually disturbing element, raiding the Greek cities and furnishing soldiers now to one, and now to another of the rival kings. Then in 121 B.C. came the Romans to 'set free' Galatia by making it a part of their own Empire. By 40 B.C. there were three kingdoms, with capitals at Ancyra, Pisidian Antioch, and Iconium. Four years later Lycaonia and Galatia were given to Amyntas the king of Pisidia. He added Pamphylia and part of Cilicia to his kingdom. But he was killed in 25 B.C., and the Romans made his dominion into the province of Galatia, which was thus much larger than the territory inhabited by the Gauls. (Stamm, 1953, TIB X pp. 437-438)  
War and slavery, poverty, disease, and famine made life hard and uncertain. In religion and philosophy men were confused by this meeting of East and West. But man’s extremity was Paul’s opportunity. The soil of the centuries had been plowed and harrowed for his new, revolutionary gospel of grace and freedom.  
Not all, however, were ready for this freedom. The old religions with prestige and authority seemed safer. Most Jews preferred Moses, and among the Gentiles the hold of the Great Mother Cybele of Phrygia was not easily shaken. Paul’s converts, bringing their former ideas and customs with them, were all too ready to reshape his gospel into a combination of Christ with their ancient laws and rituals. The old religions were especially tenacious in the small villages, whose inhabitants spoke the native languages and were inaccessible to the Greek-speaking Paul. To this gravitational attraction of the indigenous cults was added the more sophisticated syncretism of the city dwellers, pulling Paul’s churches away from his gospel when the moral demands of his faith and the responsibilities of his freedom became irksome. This was the root of the trouble in Galatia. (Stamm, 1953, TIB X p. 438)  
VI. Date and Place of Writing  
Some consider it the earliest of Paul’s extant letters and place it in 49 … In support of this date it is said that Paul, who had come from Perga by boat, was met by messengers from Galatia, who had taken the shorter route by land. They reported the disturbance which had arisen in his churches soon after his departure. He could not go back immediately to straighten things out in person, because he saw that he would have to settle the matter first in Jerusalem, whence the troublemakers had come. So he wrote a letter.  
But … [w]e do not know that the trouble in Galatia was stirred up by emissaries from the church in Jerusalem … Moreover, this solution overlooks the crux of the issue between Paul and the legalists. His contention was that neither circumcision nor the observance of any other law was the basis of salvation, but only faith in God’s grace through Christ. … On the matter of kosher customs, as on every other question, he directed men to the mind and Spirit of Christ, and not to law, either Mosaic or apostolic. That mind was a Spirit of edification which abstained voluntarily from all that defiled or offended.  
We may say that the situation [in Galatia] was different – that in Macedonia it was persecution from outside by Jews who were trying to prevent Paul’s preaching, whereas in Galatia it was trouble inside the church created by legalistic Christians who were proposing to change his teaching; that in one case the issue was justification by faith, and in the other faithfulness while waiting for the day of the Lord.  
The letter to the Romans, written during the three months in Greece mentioned in Acts 20:2-3, is our earliest commentary on Galatians. In it the relation between the law and the gospel is set forth in the perspective of Paul’s further experience. The brevity and storminess of Galatians gives way to a more complete and calmly reasoned presentation of his gospel. (Stamm, 1953, TIB X pp. 438 - 439)  
At Corinth, as in Galatia, Paul had to defend his right to be an apostle against opponents heartless enough to turn against him the cruel belief that physical illness was a sign of God’s disfavor … and they charged him with being a crafty man-pleaser … He exhorts his converts to put away childish things and grow up in faith, hope and love…  
Most childish of all were the factions incipient in Galatia, and actual in Corinth … He abandoned the kosher customs and all other artificial distinctions between Jews and Gentiles and laid the emphasis where it belonged – upon the necessity for God’s people to establish and maintain a higher morality and spiritual life… He substituted a catholic spirit for partisan loyalties ... (Stamm, 1953, TIB X pp. 440-441)  
VII. Authorship and Attestation  
If Paul wrote anything that goes under his name, it was Galatians, Romans, and the letters to Corinth. … F.C. Baur and his followers tried to show that the letters ascribed to Paul were the product of a second-century conflict between a Judaist party and the liberals in the church, and that they were written by Paulinists who used his name and authority to promote their own ideas.  
[But] the earliest mention of the epistle by name occurs in the canon of the Gnostic heretic Marcion (ca. [approximately] 144). He put it first in his list of ten letters of Paul. A generation later the orthodox Muratorian canon (ca. 185) listed it as the sixth of Paul’s letters. … While the first explicit reference to Galatians as a letter of Paul is as late as the middle of the second century … the authors of Ephesians and the Gospel of John knew it; and Polycarp in his letter to the Philippians quoted it. Revelation, I Peter, Hebrew, I Clement, and Ignatius show acquaintance with it; and there is evidence that the writer of the Epistle of James knew Galatians, as did the authors of II Peter and the Pastoral epistle, and Justin Martyr and Athenagoras. (Stamm, 1953, TIB X pp. 441-442)  
VIII. Text and Transmission  
Although the epistle was composed neither carelessly nor hastily, the anxiety and emotional stress under which Paul dictated his cascading thoughts have produced some involved and obscure sentences … and a number of abrupt transitions… These have been a standing invitation to scribal clarification. … Paul’s debate with his critics takes the form of a diatribe, which is characterized by quotations from past or anticipated objectors and rapid-fire answers to them. Paul did not use quotation marks, and this accounts for the difficulty in 2:14-15 of deciding where his speech to Peter ends. The numerous allusions to person and places, events and teachings, with which Paul assumed his readers to be acquainted, are another source of difficulty. All theses factors operated to produce the numerous variations in the text of Galatians." (Stamm, 1953, TIB p. 442)  
From Adam Clarke’s Commentaryi :  
"The authenticity of this epistle is ably vindicated by Dr. Paley: the principal part of his arguments I shall here introduce …  
'Section I.  
As Judea was the scene of the Christian history; as the author and preachers of Christianity were Jews; as the religion itself acknowledged and was founded upon the Jewish religion, in contra distinction to every other religion, then professed among mankind: it was not to be wondered at, that some its teachers should carry it out in the world rather as a sect and modification of Judaism, than as a separate original revelation; or that they should invite their proselytes to those observances in which they lived themselves. ... I … think that those pretensions of Judaism were much more likely to be insisted upon, whilst the Jews continued a nation, than after their fall and dispersion; while Jerusalem and the temple stood, than after the destruction brought upon them by the Roman arms, the fatal cessation of the sacrifice and the priesthood, the humiliating loss of their country, and, with it, of the great rites and symbols of their institution. It should seem, therefore, from the nature of the subject and the situation of the parties, that this controversy was carried on in the interval between the preaching of Christianity to the Gentiles, and the invasion of Titus: and that our present epistle ... must be referred to the same period.  
… the epistle supposes that certain designing adherents of the Jewish law had crept into the churches of Galatia; and had been endeavouring, and but too successfully, to persuade the Galatic converts, that they had been taught the new religion imperfectly, and at second hand; that the founder of their church himself possessed only an inferior and disputed commission, the seat of truth and authority being in the apostles and elders of Jerusalem; moreover, that whatever he might profess among them, he had himself, at other times and in other places, given way to the doctrine of circumcision. The epistle is unintelligible without supposing all this. (Clarke, 1831, vol. II p. 361)  
Section VII.  
This epistle goes farther than any of St. Paul’s epistles; for it avows in direct terms the supersession of the Jewish law, as an instrument of salvation, even to the Jews themselves. Not only were the Gentiles exempt from its authority, but even the Jews were no longer either to place any dependency upon it, or consider themselves as subject to it on a religious account. "Before faith came, we were kept under the law, shut up unto faith which should afterward be revealed: wherefore the law was our schoolmaster to bring us unto Christ, that we might be justified by faith; but, after that faith is come, we are no longer under a schoolmaster." (Chap. [chapter] iii. 23-25) This was undoubtedly spoken of Jews, and to Jews. … What then should be the conduct of a Jew (for such St. Paul was) who preached this doctrine? To be consistent with himself, either he would no longer comply, in his own person, with the directions of the law; or, if he did comply, it would be some other reason than any confidence which he placed in its efficacy, as a religious institution. (Clarke, 1831, vol. II pp. 366-367)  
Preface  
The religion of the ancient Galatae was extremely corrupt and superstitious: and they are said to have worshipped the mother of the gods, under the name of Agdistis; and to have offered human sacrifices of the prisoners they took in war.  
They are mentioned by historians as a tall and valiant people, who went nearly naked; and used for arms only a sword and buckler. The impetuosity of their attack is stated to have been irresistible…’” (Clarke, 1831, vol. II p. 369)  
From The New Jerome Biblical Commentaryii  
"Introduction  
The Galatai, originally an Indo-Aryan tribe of Asia, were related to the Celts or Gauls (“who in their own language are called Keltae, but in ours Galli”) ... About 279 BC some of them invaded the lower Danube area and Macedonia, descending even into the Gk [Greek] peninsula. After they were stopped by the Aetolians in 278, a remnant fled across the Hellespont into Asia Minor …  
Occasion and Purpose  
… He … stoutly maintained that the gospel he had preached, without the observance of the Mosaic practices, was the only correct view of Christianity … Gal [Galatians] thus became the first expose` of Paul’s teaching about justification by grace through faith apart from deeds prescribed by the law; it is Paul’s manifesto about Christian freedom.  
... Who were the agitators in Galatia? … they are best identified as Jewish Christians of Palestine, of an even stricter Jewish background than Peter, Paul, or James, or even of the ‘false brethren' (2:4) of Jerusalem, whom Paul had encountered there. (The account in Acts 15:5 would identify the latter as ‘believers who had belonged to the sect of the Pharisees.’) … The agitators in Galatia were Judaizers, who insisted not on the observance of the whole Mosaic law, but at least on circumcision and the observance of some other Jewish practices. Paul for this reason warned the Gentile Christians of Galatia that their fascination with ‘circumcision’ would oblige them to keep ‘the whole law’ (5:3). The agitators may have been syncretists of some sort: Christians of Jewish perhaps Essene, background, affected by some Anatolian influences. … (Joseph A. Fitzmyer, 1990, TNJBC pp. 780-781)   END NOTES
i The New Testament of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. The text carefully printed from the most correct copies of the present Authorized Version. Including the marginal readings and parallel texts. With a Commentary and Critical Notes. Designed as a help to a better understanding of the sacred writings. By Adam Clarke, LL.D. F.S.A. M.R.I.A. With a complete alphabetical index. Royal Octavo Stereotype Edition. Vol. II. [Vol. VI together with the O.T.] New York, Published by J. Emory and B. Waugh, for the Methodist Episcopal Church, at the conference office, 13 Crosby-Street. J. Collord, Printer. 1831.  
ii The New Jerome Biblical Commentary, Edited by Raymond E. Brown, S.S., Union Theological Seminary, New York; NY, Joseph A. Fitzmyer, S.J. (emeritus) Catholic University of America, Washington, DC; Roland E. Murphy, O.Carm. (emeritus) The Divinity School, Duke University, Durham, NC, with a foreword by His Eminence Carlo Maria Cardinal Martini, S.J.; Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1990  
  Chapter One  
…  
Tiding of [בשורת, BeSOoRahTh, Gospel] one
[verses 6-10]  
…  
…………………………………………  
How [כיצד, KaYTsahD] was [היה, HahYaH] Shah`OoL [“Lender”, Saul, Paul] to become a Sent Forth [Apostle]
[verses 11 to end of chapter]  
…  
Chapter Two  
Sending forth of Shah’OoL required upon hands of the Sent Forth
[verses 1-10]  
…  
…………………………………………  
The YeHOo-DeeYM [“YHVH-ites”, Judeans] and the nations, righteous from inside belief
[verses 11 to end of chapter]  
...
-16. And since [וכיון, VeKhayVahN] that know, we, that [כי, KeeY] the ’ahDahM [“man”, Adam] is not made righteous in realizing commandments [of] the Instruction [Torah, law],
rather in belief of the Anointed [המשיח, HahMahSheeY-ahH, the Messiah, the Christ] YayShOo`ah [“Savior”, Jesus],
believe, also we, in Anointed YayShOo`ah,
to sake we are made righteous from inside belief in Anointed,
and not in realizing commandments [of] the Instruction,
that yes, in realizing commandments [of] the Instruction is not made righteous any [כל, KahL] flesh.  
“As a Pharisee, Paul had been taught that works of law were deeds done in obedience to the Torah, contrasted with things done according to one’s own will. The object of this obedience was to render oneself acceptable to God – to ‘justify’ oneself. Having found this impossible, Paul reinforced the evidence from his own experience by Ps. [Psalm] 143:2, where the sinner prays God not to enter into judgment with him because in God’s sight no man living is righteous. Into this passage from the LXX [The Septuagint, the ancient Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible] Paul inserted ‘by works of law,’ and wrote σαρξ [sarx], ‘flesh,’ instead of ζων [zon], ‘one living.’ This quotation warns us against setting Paul’s salvation by grace over against Judaism in such a way as to obscure the fact that the Jews depended also upon God’s lovingkindness and tender mercies (I Kings 8:46; Job 10:14-15; 14:3-4; Prov. [Proverbs] 20:9; Eccl. [Ecclesiasticus] 7:20; Mal. [Malachi] 3:2; Dan. [Daniel] 9:18).” (Stamm, 1953, TIB X p. 483)  
“Justified is a metaphor from the law court. The Greek verb is δικαιοω [dikaioo], the noun δικαιοσουνη [dikaiosoune’], the adjective δικαιος [dikaios]. The common root is δικ [dik] as in δεικνυμι [deiknumi], ‘point out,’ ‘show.’ The words formed on this root point to a norm or standard to which persons and things must conform in order to be ‘right.’ The English ‘right’ expresses the same idea, being derived from the Anglo-Saxon ‘richt,’ which means ‘straight,’ not crooked, ‘upright,’ not oblique. The verb δικαιοω means ‘I think it right.’ A man is δικαιος, ‘right’ when he conforms to the standard of acceptable character and conduct, and δικαιοσυνη, ‘righteousness,’ ‘justice,’ is the state or quality of this conformity. In the LXX these Greek words translate a group of Hebrew words formed on the root צדק [TsehDehQ], and in Latin the corresponding terms are justifico, justus, and justificatio. In all four languages the common idea is the norm by which persons and things are to be tested. Thus in Hebrew a wall is ‘righteous’ when it conforms to the plumb line, a man when he does God’s will.  
From earliest boyhood Paul had tried to be righteous. But there came a terrible day when he said ‘I will covet’ to the law’s ‘Thou shalt not,’ and in that defiance he had fallen out of right relation to God and into the ‘wrath,’ where he ‘died’ spiritually… Thenceforth all his efforts, however strenuous, to get ‘right’ with God were thwarted by the weakness of his sinful human nature, the ‘flesh’ (σαρξ) [sarx]. That experience of futility led him to say that a man is not justified by works ‘of law.’” (Stamm, 1953, TIB X p. 483)  
[Actually Paul changed his point of view as a result of his encounter with Jesus on the road to Damascus, not as a result of intellectual contemplation. His many failures hitherto had not led him to this conclusion. The description of Paul in the preceding paragraph is a fiction.]  
“In the eyes of the psalmists and rabbis this was blasphemously revolutionary. Resting on God’s covenant with Abraham, they held it axiomatic that the ‘righteous’ man who had conscientiously done his part deserved to be vindicated before a wicked world; otherwise God could not be righteous. … In Judaism God was thought of as forgiving only repentant sinners who followed their repentance with right living …  
The theological expression for this conception of salvation is ‘justification by faith.’ Unfortunately this Latin word does not make plain Paul’s underlying religious experience, which was a change of status through faith from a wrong to a ‘right’ relationship with God… It conceals from the English reader the fact that the Greek word also means ‘righteousness.’ … (observe the ASV [American Standard Version] mg. [marginal note], ‘accounted righteous’).  
But ‘reckoned’ and ‘accounted’ expose Paul’s thought to misinterpretation by suggesting a legal fiction which God adopted to escape the contradiction between his acceptance of sinners and his own righteousness and justice.  
On the other hand, Paul’s term, in the passive, cannot be translated by ‘made righteous’ without misrepresenting him. In baptism he had ‘died with Christ’ to sin. By this definition the Christian is a person who does not sin! And yet Paul does not say that he is sinless, but that he must not sin. … This laid him open to a charge of self contradiction; sinless and yet not sinless, righteous and unrighteous, just and unjust at the same time. Some interpreters have labeled it ‘paradox,’ but such a superficial dismissal of the problem is religiously barren and worse than useless.  
The extreme difficulty of understanding Paul on this matter has led to a distinction between ‘justification’ and ‘sanctification,’ which obscures Paul’s urgency to be now, at this very moment, what God in accepting him says he is: a righteous man in Christ Jesus. Justification is reduced to a forensic declaration by which God acquits and accepts the guilty criminal, and sanctification is viewed as a leisurely process of becoming the kind of person posited by that declaration. This makes perfection seem far less urgent than Paul conceived it, and permits the spiritual inertia of human nature to continue its habit of separating religion from ethics. To prevent this misunderstanding it is necessary to keep in mind the root meaning of ‘righteousness’ in δικαιοω and its cognates.” (Stamm, 1953, TIB X pp. 484-485)  
-19. I died according to [לגבי, LeGahBaY] the Instruction, because of [בגלל, BeeGLahL] the Instruction, in order [כדי, KeDaY] that I will live to God.  
“… The Pharisees taught that the Torah was the life element of the Jews; all who obeyed would live, those who did not would die (Deut. [Deuteronomy] 30:11-20).” (Stamm, 1953, TIB X pp. 488-489)  
-20. With the Anointed I was crucified, and no more I live, rather the Anointed lives in me.
The life that I live now in flesh, I live them in the belief of Son [of] the Gods that loved me and delivered up [ומסר, OoMahÇahR] himself in my behalf [בעדי, Bah`ahDeeY].  
“The danger was that Paul’s Gentile converts might claim freedom in Christ but reject the cross-bearing that made it possible. Lacking the momentum of moral discipline under Moses, which prepared Paul to make right use of his freedom, they might imagine that his dying and rising with Christ was a magical way of immortalizing themselves by sacramental absorption of Christ’s divine substance in baptism and the Lord’s Supper. The church has always been tempted to take Paul’s crucifixion with Christ in a symbolic sense only, or as an experience at baptism which is sacramentally automatic. It has also been tempted to reduce Paul’s ‘faith’ to bare belief and assent to his doctrine, and to equate his ‘righteousness’ with a fictitious imputation by a Judge made lenient by Christ’s death.  
Against these caricatures of ‘justification by faith,’ Paul’s whole life and all his letters are a standing protest. He never allows us to forget that to be crucified with Christ is to share the motives, the purposes, and the way of life that led Jesus to the Cross; to take up vicariously the burden of the sins of others, forgiving and loving instead of condemning them; to make oneself the slave of every man; to create unity and harmony by reconciling man to God and man to his fellow men; to pray without ceasing ‘Thy will be done’; to consign one’s life to God, walking by faith where one cannot see; and finally to leave this earth with the prayer ‘Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit.’  
… When Christ the Spirit came to live in Paul … Paul was guided at each step, in each new circumstance, to answer for himself the question: What would Jesus have me do? And the answer was always this: Rely solely on God’s grace through Christ, count others better than yourself, and make yourself everybody’s slave after the manner of the Son of God who loved you and gave himself for you.  
… The phrase εν σαρκι [en sarki] … means, lit. [literally], in the flesh. Someday – Paul hoped it would be soon – this would be changed into a body like that of the risen Christ, which belonged to the realm of Spirit.” (Stamm, 1953, TIB X pp. 490-493)  
“Christ lives in me: The perfection of Christian life is expressed here … it reshapes human beings anew, supplying them with a new principle of activity on the ontological1 level of their very beings.” (Joseph A. Fitzmyer, 1990, TNJBC p. 785)  
-21. I do not nullify [מבטל, MeBahTayL] [את, ’ehTh (indicator of direct object; no English equivalent)] mercy [of] Gods;
is not if [it] is possible to become righteous upon hand of the Instruction, see, that the Anointed died to nothing [לשוא, LahShahVe’]?  
“It is not I, he says, who am nullifying the grace of God by abandoning the law which is his grace-gift to Israel, but those who insist on retaining that law in addition to the grace which he has now manifested in Christ.” (Stamm, 1953, TIB X p. 495)
  Footnotes   1 Ontological - relating to the branch of metaphysics dealing with the nature of being  
An Amateur's Journey Through the Bible
submitted by bikingfencer to biblestudy [link] [comments]

2023.06.02 15:48 flippenphil (Offer) Dr. Seuss 5 film collection (Request) The Menu, Amsterdam, Babylon

UPDATE: WB killed the Dr. SEUSS code some time in the past 3 weeks sorry LIST UPDATED 06/05
MA = Movies Anywhere
GP = Googleplay
[?] = unknown definition
title = pending trade
If a title is no longer listed = It has been traded
COMBO Films
MOVIES
TV Series Marked
Vudu Only
ITUNES Only
ITUNES Only MOVIES - No Port - Marked
CANADIAN CODES: GOOGLE PLAY / ITUNES MARKED I do not know any of these port
WANT LIST
Titles I am looking for
submitted by flippenphil to uvtrade [link] [comments]

2023.06.02 12:12 -Xoz- Deep Discography Dive (#1) — Debut

This is a master list of every official and unofficial track from the Debut Era (1993 — 1995). I have tried my best to make this an exhaustive list after comparing and referencing multiple sources. For remixes, only official and promo ones are included - which had at least one form of physical release, unofficial digital only remixes which came on years later by lesser known artists are not included. For Live versions, only the ones officially released are included. See something not on the list which fits the criteria, please comment.
Spotify Playlist — Playlist order : B-sides and bonus tracks followed by alternate versions and remixes in the order of album tracklist. Availability of songs on Spotify is subject to your location. Songs not marked as unavailable here are because they are available for me, and will most likely be for you too, unless you are in the US.
See a song not available for you on Spotify or another digital platform? Head to this post and fill out a form.

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B-Sides / Bonus:

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Features / Collaborations / Covers:

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Alternate Versions [Demos / Promos / Live / Remixes]:

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Debut related releases:

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submitted by -Xoz- to bjork [link] [comments]

2023.06.01 23:15 InternetTraumatized Martyr Justin the Philosopher and those with him at Rome (June 1)

(from oca.org)
The Holy Martyr Justin the Philosopher was born around 114 at Sychem, an ancient city of Samaria. Justin’s parents were pagan Greeks. From his childhood the saint displayed intelligence, love for knowledge and a fervent devotion to the knowledge of Truth. When he came of age he studied the various schools of Greek philosophy: the Stoics, the Peripatetics, the Pythagoreans, the Platonists, and he concluded that none of these pagan teachings revealed the way to knowledge of the true God.
Once, when he was strolling in a solitary place beyond the city and pondering about where to seek the way to the knowledge of Truth, he met an old man. In the ensuing conversation he revealed to Justin the essential nature of the Christian teaching and advised him to seek the answers to all the questions of life in the books of Holy Scripture. “But before anything else,” said the holy Elder, “pray diligently to God, so that He might open to you the doors of Light. No one is able to comprehend Truth, unless he is granted understanding from God Himself, Who reveals it to each one who seeks Him in prayer and in love.”
In his thirtieth year, Justin accepted holy Baptism (between the years 133 and 137). From this time Saint Justin devoted his talents and vast philosophical knowledge to preaching the Gospel among the pagans. He began to journey throughout the Roman Empire, sowing the seeds of faith. “Whosoever is able to proclaim Truth and does not proclaim it will be condemned by God,” he wrote.
Justin opened a school of Christian philosophy. Saint Justin subsequently defended the truth of Christian teaching, persuasively confuting pagan sophistry (in a debate with the Cynic philosopher Crescentius) and heretical distortions of Christianity. He also spoke out against the teachings of the Gnostic Marcian.
In the year 155, when the emperor Antoninus Pius (138-161) started a persecution against Christians, Saint Justin personally gave him an Apology in defense of two Christians innocently condemned to execution, Ptolemy and Lucias. The name of the third remains unknown.
In the Apology he demonstrated the falseness of the slander against Christians accused unjustly for merely having the name of Christians. The Apology had such a favorable effect upon the emperor that he ceased the persecution. Saint Justin journeyed, by decision of the emperor, to Asia Minor where they were persecuting Christians with particular severity. He proclaimed the joyous message of the imperial edict throughout the surrounding cities and countryside.
The debate of Saint Justin with the Rabbi Trypho took place at Ephesus. The Orthodox philosopher demonstrated the truth of the Christian teaching of faith on the basis of the Old Testament prophetic writings. Saint Justin gave an account of this debate in his work Dialogue with Trypho the Jew.
A second Apology of Saint Justin was addressed to the Roman Senate. It was written in the year 161, soon after Marcus Aurelius (161-180) ascended the throne.
When he returned to Italy, Saint Justin, like the Apostles, preached the Gospel everywhere, converting many to the Christian Faith. When the saint arrived at Rome, the envious Crescentius, whom Justin always defeated in debate, brought many false accusations against him before the Roman court. Saint Justin was put under guard, subjected to torture and suffered martyrdom in 165. The relics of Saint Justin the Philosopher rest in Rome.
In addition to the above-mentioned works, the following are also attributed to the holy martyr Justin the Philosopher:
1) An Address to the Greeks
2) A Hortatory Address to the Greeks
3) On the Sole Government of God
Saint John of Damascus preserved a significant part of Saint Justin’s On the Resurrection, which has not survived. The church historian Eusebius asserts that Saint Justin wrote books entitled
The Singer
Denunciation of all Existing Heresies and
Against Marcian
In the Russian Church the memory of the martyr is particularly glorified in temples of his name. He is invoked by those who seek help in their studies.
The holy martyrs Justin, Chariton, Euelpistus, Hierax, Peonus, Valerian, Justus and the martyr Charito suffered with Saint Justin the Philosopher in the year 166. They were brought to Rome and thrown into prison. The saints bravely confessed their faith in Christ before the court of the prefect Rusticus. Rusticus asked Saint Justin, whether he really thought that after undergoing tortures he would go to heaven and receive a reward from God. Saint Justin answered, “Not only do I think this, but I know and am fully assured of it.”
The prefect proposed to all the Christian prisoners that they offer sacrifice to the pagan gods. When they refused he issued a sentence of death, and the saints were beheaded.
Troparion — Tone 5
You emptied the cup of the wisdom of the Greeks, but you thirsted again, until you came to the well where you found water springing unto eternal life. And having drunk deeply, you also drank from the cup which Christ gave to His disciples. Therefore, O Justin, we praise you as a Philosopher and Martyr of Christ.
Troparion — Tone 4
O Justin, teacher of divine knowledge, you shone with the radiance of true philosophy. You were wisely armed against the Enemy. Confessing the truth, you contested with the Martyrs, with them, O Justin, always entreat Christ to save our souls.
Kontakion — Tone 2
Through the wisdom of your divinely-inspired teachings, O Justin, the Church of God, adorned in its entirety, enlightens the world by the radiance of your life. By shedding your blood, you received the crown of martyrdom. As you stand before Christ with the Angels, pray unceasingly for all of us.
Kontakion — Tone 3
As a breath from Paradise, the dew descending upon Aermon, Christ the Power and the Peace and Wisdom of God the Father, came upon your thirsting spirit, O Martyr Justin, making you a Fount of Knowledge for all the faithful, when with true valor you endured death as a Martyr, to live forever in Christ.
submitted by InternetTraumatized to Christianity [link] [comments]

2023.06.01 17:20 IrinaSophia Holy Martyr Justin the Philosopher and Apologist (June 1st)

The Holy Martyr Justin the Philosopher (also known as Justin Martyr) was born around 114 at Sychem, an ancient city of Samaria. He called himself a Samaritan, although his father, Priscos, and grandfather, Baccheios, may have been pagan Greeks. From his childhood he displayed intelligence, love for knowledge and a fervent devotion to the knowledge of truth. When he came of age he studied the various schools of Greek philosophy: the Stoics, the Peripatetics, the Pythagoreans, the Platonists, and he concluded that none of these pagan teachings revealed the way to knowledge of the true God.
Once, when he was strolling in a solitary place beyond the city and pondering about where to seek the way to the knowledge of truth, he met an old man. In the ensuing conversation he revealed to Justin the essential nature of the Christian teaching and advised him to seek the answers to all the questions of life in the books of Holy Scripture. “But before anything else,” said the holy elder, “pray diligently to God, so that He might open to you the doors of light. No one is able to comprehend truth, unless he is granted understanding from God Himself, Who reveals it to each one who seeks Him in prayer and in love.”
In his thirtieth year, Justin accepted Holy Baptism (between the years 133 and 137). From this time he devoted his talents and vast philosophical knowledge to preaching the gospel among the pagans. He began to journey throughout the Roman Empire, sowing the seeds of faith. “Whosoever is able to proclaim truth and does not proclaim it will be condemned by God,” he wrote.
Justin opened a school of Christian philosophy. He subsequently defended the truth of Christian teaching, persuasively confuting pagan sophistry (in a debate with the Cynic philosopher Crescens) and heretical distortions of Christianity. He also spoke out against the teachings of the Gnostic Marcian.
In the year 155, when the emperor Antoninus Pius (138-161) started a persecution against Christians, Saint Justin personally wrote him an Apology in defense of three Christians innocently condemned to execution, Ptolemy and Lucias. The name of the third remains unknown.
In the Apology he demonstrated the falseness of the slander against Christians accused unjustly for merely having the name of Christians. The Apology had such a favorable effect upon the emperor that he ceased the persecution. Justin journeyed, by decision of the emperor, to Asia Minor where they were persecuting Christians with particular severity. He proclaimed the joyous message of the imperial edict throughout the surrounding cities and countryside.
The debate of Justin with the Rabbi Trypho took place at Ephesus. The Orthodox philosopher demonstrated the truth of the Christian teaching of faith on the basis of the Old Testament prophetic writings. Justin gave an account of this debate in his work Dialogue with Trypho the Jew.
A second Apology of Saint Justin was addressed to the Roman Senate. It was written in the year 161, soon after Marcus Aurelius (161-180) ascended the throne.
When he returned to Italy, Justin, like the Apostles, preached the gospel everywhere, converting many to the Christian faith. When the Saint arrived at Rome, the envious Crescens, whom Justin always defeated in debate, brought many false accusations against him before the Roman court. Saint Justin was put under guard, subjected to torture and suffered martyrdom by beheading in 165. The relics of Saint Justin the Philosopher rest in Rome.
In addition to the above-mentioned works, the following are also attributed to the Holy Martyr Justin the Philosopher:
  1. On the Resurrection
  2. A Discourse to the Greeks
  3. Exhortation to the Greeks
  4. On Monarchy
  5. Exposition of the Faith
  6. Letter to Zenas and Serenus
  7. Answers to the Orthodox
  8. The Greek's Questions to the Christians
  9. Refutation of Certain Aristotelean Theses
  10. The Psalmist
  11. On the Soul
Saint John of Damascus preserved a significant part of Saint Justin’s On the Resurrection, which has not survived. The ecclesiastical historian Eusebius asserts that Saint Justin wrote books titled:
  1. The Singer
  2. Denunciation of all Existing Heresies
  3. Against Marcian
(from johnsanidopoulos.com)
submitted by IrinaSophia to OrthodoxGreece [link] [comments]

2023.06.01 17:16 IrinaSophia Holy Martyr Justin the Philosopher and Apologist (June 1st)

The Holy Martyr Justin the Philosopher (also known as Justin Martyr) was born around 114 at Sychem, an ancient city of Samaria. He called himself a Samaritan, although his father, Priscos, and grandfather, Baccheios, may have been pagan Greeks. From his childhood he displayed intelligence, love for knowledge and a fervent devotion to the knowledge of truth. When he came of age he studied the various schools of Greek philosophy: the Stoics, the Peripatetics, the Pythagoreans, the Platonists, and he concluded that none of these pagan teachings revealed the way to knowledge of the true God.
Once, when he was strolling in a solitary place beyond the city and pondering about where to seek the way to the knowledge of truth, he met an old man. In the ensuing conversation he revealed to Justin the essential nature of the Christian teaching and advised him to seek the answers to all the questions of life in the books of Holy Scripture. “But before anything else,” said the holy elder, “pray diligently to God, so that He might open to you the doors of light. No one is able to comprehend truth, unless he is granted understanding from God Himself, Who reveals it to each one who seeks Him in prayer and in love.”
In his thirtieth year, Justin accepted Holy Baptism (between the years 133 and 137). From this time he devoted his talents and vast philosophical knowledge to preaching the gospel among the pagans. He began to journey throughout the Roman Empire, sowing the seeds of faith. “Whosoever is able to proclaim truth and does not proclaim it will be condemned by God,” he wrote.
Justin opened a school of Christian philosophy. He subsequently defended the truth of Christian teaching, persuasively confuting pagan sophistry (in a debate with the Cynic philosopher Crescens) and heretical distortions of Christianity. He also spoke out against the teachings of the Gnostic Marcian.
In the year 155, when the emperor Antoninus Pius (138-161) started a persecution against Christians, Saint Justin personally wrote him an Apology in defense of three Christians innocently condemned to execution, Ptolemy and Lucias. The name of the third remains unknown.
In the Apology he demonstrated the falseness of the slander against Christians accused unjustly for merely having the name of Christians. The Apology had such a favorable effect upon the emperor that he ceased the persecution. Justin journeyed, by decision of the emperor, to Asia Minor where they were persecuting Christians with particular severity. He proclaimed the joyous message of the imperial edict throughout the surrounding cities and countryside.
The debate of Justin with the Rabbi Trypho took place at Ephesus. The Orthodox philosopher demonstrated the truth of the Christian teaching of faith on the basis of the Old Testament prophetic writings. Justin gave an account of this debate in his work Dialogue with Trypho the Jew.
A second Apology of Saint Justin was addressed to the Roman Senate. It was written in the year 161, soon after Marcus Aurelius (161-180) ascended the throne.
When he returned to Italy, Justin, like the Apostles, preached the gospel everywhere, converting many to the Christian faith. When the Saint arrived at Rome, the envious Crescens, whom Justin always defeated in debate, brought many false accusations against him before the Roman court. Saint Justin was put under guard, subjected to torture and suffered martyrdom by beheading in 165. The relics of Saint Justin the Philosopher rest in Rome.
In addition to the above-mentioned works, the following are also attributed to the Holy Martyr Justin the Philosopher:
  1. On the Resurrection
  2. A Discourse to the Greeks
  3. Exhortation to the Greeks
  4. On Monarchy
  5. Exposition of the Faith
  6. Letter to Zenas and Serenus
  7. Answers to the Orthodox
  8. The Greek's Questions to the Christians
  9. Refutation of Certain Aristotelean Theses
  10. The Psalmist
  11. On the Soul
Saint John of Damascus preserved a significant part of Saint Justin’s On the Resurrection, which has not survived. The ecclesiastical historian Eusebius asserts that Saint Justin wrote books titled:
  1. The Singer
  2. Denunciation of all Existing Heresies
  3. Against Marcian
(from johnsanidopoulos.com)
submitted by IrinaSophia to OrthodoxChristianity [link] [comments]

2023.06.01 02:42 loan24 (SELLING) Large list to choose from (REQUEST) PayPal FF, Venmo, CashApp

I BOLDED the movies I've added this last week. Most of my movies get delivered on Friday or Saturday so I'm often adding more movies over the weekend if you want to check back.
 
 
 
If there is someone that lives in the UK and uses Disney Movie Rewards there, let me know. I may have a code for you but it won't work for people that don't have an active DMR.co.uk account.
 
 
 
 
 
 
submitted by loan24 to DigitalCodeSELL [link] [comments]

2023.05.29 20:09 Rude_Respond3628 (Selling) 5-29-23 HUGE LIST! 4K AND HD CODES! NEWER AND OLDER TITLES BOTH!

Preferred payment is PayPal Friends and Family! But I can also do Cashapp, Zelle, Facebook Pay, Vudu Credits, Venmo or Amazon GC if need be.
I am open to trades if I don't already own it!
Everyday discount I will take 1 dollar off every 10 spent!
3 Film Collection Kevin James (Paul Blart/Here Comes The Boom/Zookeeper) SD MA $7
3 From Hell 4K VD/IT $4
12 Rounds 2 HD MA $3
12 Years A Slave HD MA $4
13 Hours HD VD/IT $3
21 Jump Street SD MA $1.50
31 HD VD $3
101 Dalmatians 1961 HD MA $4.50 HD GP $4
101 Dalmatians 2 London Adventure HD GP $4
A Haunted House 2 HD Itunes $3
A Quiet Place HD VD/IT $3.50
Addams Family With More Mamushka! 4K VD/IT $5
Admission Itunes $3.50
Aladdin 1992 Signature Collection HD MA $4.50 HD GP $3
Aladdin 2019 4k MA $5 HDMA/4KIT $4 HD GP $2
Alex Cross HD VD/IT $3.50
Alien HD MA $2
Aliens HD MA $4.50
Aliens 3 HD MA $4.50
Alien Covenant HD MA $2
Alien Prometheus HD MA $2
Alien Resurrection HD MA $4.50
Aliens Vs Predator Requiem Itunes $4.50
Alien 6 Film Collection HD MA $18
Alice Through The Looking Glass HD MA $5 HD GP $4
Alita Battle Angel 4K MA $5
All Is Bright HD VD $4
All The Money In The World SD MA $2
Aloha HD MA $4
Alvin Chipmunks Road Chip HD MA $4
American Assassin 4K VD/IT $5.50
American Gangster Extended Edition 4K MA $5
American Psycho 4K VD/IT $5
American Sicario HD VD/IT $3
Amsterdam HD MA $4 HD GP $3
An American Girl Lea To The Rescue ITunes $2
Anchorman 2 HD VD/IT $2
Angel Heart 4K Vudu $5
Anna Karenina Itunes $4
Annie 2014 HD MA $4 SD MA $2
Ant-Man HDMA/4KIT $4.50 HD GP $2.50
Ant-Man And Wasp 4K MA $5.50 HDMA/4KIT $4.50 HD GP $2.50
Arrival 4K Itunes $5 HD Vudu $4
Assassin's Creed HD MA $4
Assassination Nation HD MA $3.50
Atomic Blonde HD MA $3.50
August Osage County HD MA $3.50
Avengers 4K MA $6 HD GP $4.50
Avengers Age Of Ultron 4K MA $6 HDMA/4KIT $5.50 HD GP $1.50
Avengers Endgame 4K MA $4 HDMA/4KIT $3 HD GP $1.50
Avengers Infinity War 4K MA $4 HDMA/4KIT $3 HD GP $1.50
Bad Boys HD MA $4
Bad Grandpa HD VD/IT $3.50
Bad Mom's HD MA $3.50 HD iTunes $3
Bad Words HD MA $4
Banshees Of Inisherin HD MA $5.50 HD GP $4.50
Barb And Star Go To Vista Del Mar 4K VD/IT $5
Battleship HD MA $3.50
Beauty And The Beast 2017 HD MA $3.50 HD GP $2.50
Beauty And The Beast 1991 HD GP $4
Bedknobs And Broomsticks HD MA $5 HD GP $4.50
Beethoven Treasure Tail HD MA $4
Beirut HD MA $3
Belly 4K Vudu $5
Big Hero 6 HD MA $3.50 HD GP $2.50
Black Adam HD MA $5
Black Panther 4K MA $5 HDMA/4KIT $4 HD GP $2
Black Panther Wakanda Forever HD MA $4 HD GP $2.50
Black Widow HD GP $3.50
Book Club HD VD/IT $3.50
Book Of Life HD MA $3.50
Boss Baby HD MA $4
Boss Baby 2 Film Collection HD MA $7.50
Bourne Legacy HD MA $2.50 Itunes $2
Boyhood HD VD/IT $3.50
Brian Banks HD MA $3.50
Brides Maids Itunes $3.50
BumbleBee HDVD/4KIT $4
Burnt HD Vudu $4
Cake HD MA $4.50
Captain America Civil War 4K MA $5.50 HDMA/4KIT $4 HD GP $2.50
Captain America First Avenger 4K MA $5.50 HDMA/4KIT $4 HD GP $2.50
Captain America Winter Soldier HDMA/4KIT $4 HD GP $2.50
Captain Marvel HDMA/4KIT $3.50 HD GP $2.50
Captain Phillips HD MA $3.50 SD MA $1.50
Captain Underpants First Epic Movie HD MA $4
Carrie 2013 HD Vudu $4
Cars HD GP $4.50
Cars 3 HDMA/4KIT $3 HD GP $2
Christopher Robin HD GP $4
Cinderella 1950 HD MA $5
Cinderella 2015 HD MA $4 HD GP $3.50
Clerks 3 HD VD/IT $4.50
Clifford 2021 HD VD/IT $3
Coco HD MA $4 HD GP $2.50
Commuter 4K VD/IT $5.50
Crawl HD VD/IT $3.50
Crazy On The Outside Itunes $3
Criminal 4K VD/IT $5 HD VD/IT $3.50
Cruella HD MA $4 HD GP $3
Daddys Home HD VD/IT $2.50
Dallas Buyers Club Itunes $3.50
Danny Collins HD Itunes $3
Darkest Hour HD MA $4
DC Superpets HD MA $4
Deadpool HDMA/4KIT $3
Deadpool 2 HD MA $3.50
Death On The Nile HD GP $3.50
Deepwater Horizon 4K VD/IT $5 HD VD/IT $3.50
Despicable Me 2 4K Itunes $4.50 HD MA $3
Despicable Me 3 4K MA $5.50 4K Itunes $5 HD MA $3.50
Despicable Me Minion Madness HD $5 Itunes $4.50
Detective Knight Rogue HD VD/IT $4
Diary Of A Wimpy Kid Itunes $3
Diary Of A Wimpy Kid Long Haul HD MA $3
Die Hard 2 Die Harder HD MA $5
Die Hard A Good Day To Die Hard HD MA $4
Die Hard Live Free Or Die Hard HD MA $4.50
Dirty Grandpa HD VD/IT $3.50
Disney Nature Born In China HD MA $4
Disney Nature Monkey Kingdom HD MA $4
Disney Nature Bears HD MA $4
Divergent HDVD/4KIT $2 SD Vudu $1
Divergent Insurgent HDVD/4KIT $2 SD Vudu $1
Django Unchained HD Vudu $4
Doctor Strange 4K MA $5.50 HDMA/4KIT $4 HD GP $2.50
Doctor Strange Multiverse HD MA $4 HD GP $2.50
Dog HD MA $4
Dolittle HD MA $3.50
Downsizing HD VD/IT $3
Dracula Untold HD MA $3.50
Draft Day Itunes $3
Dragon Heart 3 HD MA $2.50
Dredd 4K VD/IT $4.50 HD VD/IT $3
Dying Of The Light HD Vudu $3.50
Dumbo 2019 HD MA $3.50
El Chicano HD MA $3
Elvis HD MA $4
Elysium/District 9 Film Collection HD MA $6.50
Empire Of Light HD MA $4 HD GP $3
Empire State HD Vudu $3
Encanto HD MA $5 HD GP $4
Enders Game 4K VD $5 HD VD/IT $3.50
Epic HD MA $4.50 HD iTunes $4
Equalizer SD MA $2
Escape Plan HD Vudu $3 SD Vudu $1.50
ET Extra Terrestrial HD MA $4.50
Eternals HD GP $3
Expendables 1-3 Film Collection HD Vudu $6.50
Expendables 2 HD VD/IT $2
Expendables 3 HD VD $3
Far From The Madding Crowd HD MA $4.50
Fast And Furious 1 HD MA $2.50
Fast And Furious 5 ITunes $2 SD MA $1
Fast And Furious 6 HD MA $1
Fast And Furious 7 HD MA $1.50
Fast And Furious 8 HD MA $1
Fast And The Furious 1-8 Film Collection HD MA $12
Fault In Our Stars HD MA $2.50
Ferdinand HD MA $4.50
Fifty Shades 6 Film Collection Unrated/Theatrical HD MA $9
Fifty Shades Darker Unrated HD MA $2.50
Fifty Shades Freed HD MA $2.50
Fifty Shades Of Grey Unrated 4K MA $3 HD MA $1.50
Fifth Wave SD MA $2
Finding Dory HDMA/4KIT $3.50 HD GP $1.50
Finding Nemo HD GP $4
Flight HD Itunes $3.50
Florence Foster Jenkins HD VD/IT $3.50
Fortress HD MA $4
Fox And The Hound 2 HD MA $5 HD GP $4
Free Guy HD MA $4 HD GP $3
Frozen HDMA/4KIT $3.50 HD GP $1.50
Frozen Sing Along Edition HD MA $5 HD GP $4
Frozen 2 HDMA/4KIT $4.50 HD GP $3
Fury HD MA $4
Gemini Man 4K VD/IT $4.50
Get Out HD MA $4
Ghost In The Shell 2017 4K Vudu $4.50 HD VD/IT $3.50
Ghostbusters 1 HD MA $3.50
Ghostbusters 2 HD MA $3.50
Ghostbusters Afterlife HD MA $4
Ghostbusters Answer Call Extended/Theatrical HD MA $3.50
Ghosts Season 1 HD Vudu $5.50
GI Joe Retaliation HD VD/IT $3
Gifted HD MA $4
Girls Trip HD MA $3
Godfather 4K VD/IT $5
Godfather 2 4K VD/IT $5
Godfather 3 4K VD/IT $5
Gods Not Dead 2 HD MA $3
Goosebumps HD MA $4.50
Guardians Of The Galaxy HDMA/4KIT $4.50 HD GP $2.50
Guardians Of The Galaxy Volume 2 4K MA $4.50 HDMA/4KIT $3.50 HD GP $1.50
Hacksaw Ridge HD VD/IT $3
Halloween 2018 4K MA $4.50 HD MA $3
Hannibal Season 1 Vudu $4
Hansel And Gretel Witch Hunters Unrated HD Vudu $4
Hell Or High Water 4K VD/IT $5 HD VD/IT $3
Hercules 2014 HD VD/IT $3
Here Comes The Boom SD MA $2
Hilary's America SD Vudu $2
Hillsong Let Hope Rise HD MA $1.50
Hitman Agent 47 HD MA $4
Hitman's Bodyguard HD VD/IT $2.50
Hocus Pocus HD MA $4 HD GP $2.50
Home Alone HD MA $3.50
Home Alone 2 HD MA $3.50
Hope Springs HD MA $3.50 SD MA $2
Hostiles 2018 HD VD/IT $3.50
Hot Fuzz HD MA $3.50
Hotel Mumbai HD MA $3
Hotel Transylvania SD MA $2
How The Grinch Stole Christmas 2000 4K Itunes $5 HD MA $4.50
How To Train Your Dragon 2 HD MA $4
How To Train Your Dragon 3 Film Collection HD MA $8.50
Hunger Games 4 Film Collection HD Vudu $8
Hunger Games 4K VD/IT $4.50 4K Itunes/HDVD $2.50
Hunger Games Catching Fire 4KIT/HDVD $2.50
Hunger Games Mockingjay Part 1 4KIT/HDVD $3
Hunger Games Mockingjay Part 2 HDVD $2.50
I Can Only Imagine HD VD/IT $3.50
I Feel Pretty Itunes $3
Incarnate Itunes $3
Incredibles 2 HDMA/4KIT $5 HD GP $4
Independence Day HD MA $4
Independence Day Resurgence HD MA $4
Infinite HD VD/IT $4.50
Inside Out HDMA/4KIT $4 HD GP $2
Instructions Not Included HD Vudu $4
Interstellar 4K Itunes $4.50 HD Vudu $3.50
Into The Woods HD MA $4 HD GP $3
Iron Man 3 4K MA $5 HDMA/4KIT $3.50 HD GP $2
Jack And Jill HD MA $3.50
Jack Reacher Never Go Back HD VD/IT $3.50
Jack Ryan Shadow Recruit 4K VD/IT $4.50 HD Vudu $3
James Bond Skyfall HD VD $2
Jarhead 2 HD MA $3
Jason Bourne HD MA $4
Jigsaw 4K VD/IT $4.50 HD VD/IT $3
Jobs HD MA $4
John Wick 4K Itunes $4 HD Vudu $2.50
John Wick 1 And 2 Combo HD Vudu $4
John Wick 2 4K Itunes $4 HD Vudu $2.50
John Wick 3 HDVD/4KIT $4
Jordan Peele 3 Film (Nope/Get Out/Us) HD MA $8.50
Journey To The West Conquering The Demons HD Vudu $4
Jumanji 2 Film (Welcome To The Jungle/ Next Level) HD MA $7
Jungle Book 1967 HD MA $5 HD GP $4
Jungle Cruise HD MA $4 HD GP $2
Jurassic Ultimate World 6 Film Collection 4K MA $16 HD MA $12
Jurassic World HD MA $1
Justice 2017 HD MA $4
Justin Bieber Never Say Never Itunes $1
Katy Perry Part Of Me HD VD/IT $3 SD VD/IT $1
Kick-Ass Itunes $3.50
Kick-Ass 2 HD MA $4
Killer Elite iTunes $3
Killing Them Softly HD VD $4
Kin HD VD/IT $3
Kingsman The Golden Circle 4K MA $5.50 HD MA $4
Kingsman The Secret Service HD MA $4
Kung Fu Panda 3 HD MA $3.50
La La Land 4K VD/IT $4.50 HD VD/IT $3
Lady And The Tramp 1955 HD MA $5.50 HD GP $4.50
Last Knights HD Vudu $4
Legend Of Hercules 4K VD/IT $5
Leprechaun Origins HD VD $3
Les Miserables HD MA $3
Let Me Explain Kevin Hart Itunes $2
Let's Be Cops HD MA $3.50
Life As We Know It Itunes $3
Life Of Pi HD MA $3.50 HD Itunes $3
Lightyear 4K MA $5.50 HD MA $4 HD GP $3
Lilo And Stitch HD MA $4 HD GP $3.50
Lilo And Stitch 2 HD MA $4 HD GP $3.50
Lion HD VD $4
Lion King 1 1/2 HD MA $6
Lion King 1994 4KIT/HDMA $5 HD GP $4
Lion King 2019 HD MA $4 HD GP $3
Logan HDMA/4KIT $3.50
Lone Ranger HD GP $4
Lone Survivor HD MA $2
Longest Ride HD MA $2
Lorax 2012 HD MA $4
Lords Of Salem HD VD $4
Luca HD GP $3
Lucy HD MA $3.50 4K Itunes $4
Lyle Lyle Crocodile HD MA $4.50
Madea Big Happy Family Itunes $2
Madea Christmas HD VD $2
Madea's Witness Protection VD $2 Itunes $2
Maggie HD Vudu $3.50
Maleficent 4K MA $5.50 HDMA/4KIT $4.50 HD GP $3
Maleficent Mistress Of Evil HD GP $3.50
Mama Itunes $3
Marine 4 HD MA $2.50
Mary Poppins HD GP $3.50
Mary Poppins Returns 4K MA $5 HD GP $3.50
Mechanic Resurrection HD VD/IT $3
Megan Leavey HD MA $2.50
Men In Black 3 HD MA $3.50
Mickey Minnie Shorts Vol 1 HD MA $5 HD GP $4
Midnight In The Switchgrass HD Vudu $4.50
Midway 2019 4K VD/IT $5
Minions 2 Film Collection Minions/Rise Of Gru HD MA $8
Minions 4K MA $5.50 HD MA $4.50
Minions Rise Of Gru HD MA $4.50
Misconduct HD Vudu $4
Missing HD MA $4.50
Mission Impossible 4K VD/IT $5.50 HD Vudu $4.50
Mission Impossible 2 4K VD/IT $5.50
Mission Impossible 4 Ghost Protocol 4K VD/IT $4.50 HDVD/4KIT $4
Mission Impossible 5 Rogue Nation 4K VD/IT $4.50 HDVD/4KIT $4
Mission Impossible 6 Fallout 4K VD/IT $4.50 HDVD/4KIT $4
Moana 4K MA $5.50 HDMA/IT4K $4.50 HD GP $3
Monster High Freaky Fusion HD MA $2.50
Monster High Great Scarrier Reef Itunes $2.50
Monster Trucks HD VD/IT $3
Monsters University HD MA $5.50
Morbius 4K MA $5.50 HD MA $4
Mortal Instruments City Of Bones HD MA $3.50
Mud HD VD/IT $3.50
Mulan 2 HD MA $5 HD GP $4
Mulan 2020 HD MA $3.50 HD GP $2
Murder On The Orient Express HD MA $4
Need For Speed HD MA $4.50
Never Rarely Sometimes Always 4K MA $5
Nightmare Before Christmas HD GP $4
Noah HD VD/IT $2.50
Nonstop HD MA $4
Norm Of The North HD VD/IT $3.50
Now You See Me HD VD/IT $2.50 SD VD/IT $1.50
Nutcracker And The Four Realms 4K MA $5.50 HD GP $4
Oblivion HD MA $3.50
Office Christmas Party HD VD/IT $3
Olaf Frozen Adventure HD GP $4.50
Onward HD MA $4 HD GP $3
Overdrive iTunes $2.50
Oz The Great And Powerful HD MA $3.50 HD GP $2
Pain And Gain HD VD/IT $3.50
Paranormal Activity 2 HD VD/IT $3
Paranormal Activity 3 HD VD/IT $2
Paranormal Activity 5 Marked Ones HD VD/IT $3
Parental Guidance HD MA $3
Parker SD MA $1.50
Passengers HD MA $4
Patriots Day HD VD/IT $2.50
Peanuts The Movie HDMA/4KIT $2.50
Peeples SD Vudu $1.50
Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters HD MA $3
Pet Semetary 2019 HD Itunes $3
Peter Pan 1953 HD MA $5 HD GP $4
Peter Rabbit 2 Film Collection HD MA $7.50
Petes Dragon 2016 HD MA $4.50 HD GP $3.50
Pineapple Express 4K MA $6.50
Pinocchio 1940 HD GP $4
Pirates Of The Caribbean DMTNT HD MA $3 HD GP $2
Pitch Perfect 4K MA $4.50 HDMA/4KIT $3
Pitch Perfect 2 4K MA $4.50 HDMA/4KIT $3
Planes HD MA $4 HD GP $2
Planet Of The Apes "Dawn" HDMA/4KIT $3.50
Planet Of The Apes "Rise" HDMA/4KIT $3.50
Planet Of The Apes "War" HDMA/4KIT $3.50
Preacher Season 1 HD Vudu $4
Prey For The Devil HDVD/4KIT $5.50
Princess And The Frog HD MA $5 HD GP $4.50
Public Enemies ITunes $3.50
Pulp Fiction HD Vudu $4.50
Punisher War Zone 4K Vudu $4.50
Queen Of Katwe HD GP $3.50
Ralph Breaks The Internet HD GP $3
Rambo 5 Film Collection HD Vudu $8.50
Rambo 4K VD/IT $4.50
Rambo 3 4K VD/IT $4.50
Rambo First Blood 4K VD/IT $4.50 HD VD/IT $3
Rambo First Blood Part 2 4K VD/IT $4.50
Rambo Last Blood 4K VD/IT $4.50
Raya HD MA $4 HD GP $3
Reclaim HD Vudu $4
Red 2 HD VD/IT $2
Redemption HD VD $3
Rescuers HD MA $4.50 HD GP $3.50
Rescuers Down Under HD MA $4.50 HD GP $3.50
Reservoir Dogs 4K VD/IT $5.50
Resident Evil Final Chapter HD MA $4
Resident Evil Retribution SD MA $2
Ricki And The Flash HD MA $3.50
Ride Along iTunes $2.50
Ride Along 2 HD MA $3
Rio Itunes $2.50
Rise Of The Guardians HD MA $4
Robin Hood 2018 4K VD/IT $4.50 HD VD/IT $3.50
Robin Hood Disney 1973 HD MA $5 HD GP $4.50
Robocop 2014 HD VD $3.50
Rocketman 4K VD/IT $5
Rocky 4K Vudu $5 HD Vudu $3
Rocky 2 4K Vudu $5
Rocky 3 4K Vudu $5
Rocky 4 4K Vudu $5
Rons Gone Wrong HD MA $3.50 HD GP $2
Rough Cut HD Itunes $3.50
Rush 2013 HD MA $3.50
Saban's Power Rangers 4K VD/IT $5.50 HD VD/IT $3
Safe HD VD/IT $3
Safe Haven iTunes $3.50
Safe House HD MA $3.50 Itunes $3
Same Kind Of Different As Me HD VD/IT $3.50
Samson HD MA $3.50
Saw Complete Film Collection SD Vudu $9
Scary Stories To Tell In Dark 4K MA $4.50 HD VD/IT $3.50
Seal Team 8 Behind Enemy Lines HD MA $3
Selma HD VD/IT $3
Shang Chi HD MA $4.50 HD GP $3
Shark Tale HD MA $4.50
Shaun The Sheep Movie HD Vudu $3.50
Sicario HD Vudu $3
Silent Night Deadly Night 3 Film Collection HD Vudu $6
Sing HDMA/4KiT $4
Sing 2 HD MA $5
Sisters Unrated Itunes $3.50
Skyscraper 4K MA $5 HD MA $3
Sleeping Beauty HD MA $4.50 HD GP $4
Smurfs The Lost Village HD MA $4.50
Snitch HD VD/IT $3.50
Snow White And The Huntsman HD MA $3.50
Snow White And The Seven Dwarves HD GP $4
Sony Movie Buff Pass HD/4K MA $4
Soul HD GP $3
Southpaw HD VD $3.50
Spider-man Amazing Spider-Man HD MA $3.50 SD MA $1.50
Spider-man Amazing Spider-Man 2 HD MA $3.50 SD MA $1.50
Spider-man Far From Home HD MA $3.50
Spider-man Homecoming 4K MA $5 HD MA $2
Spider-man No Way Home HD MA $4
Spider-Man Tobey HD MA $3.50
Spider-Man 2 Tobey 2 Film Collection Theatrical/Extended HD MA $4.50
Spider-Man 3 Tobey HD MA $4.50
Spies In Disguise HD GP $3
Spontaneous VD/IT $3.50
Stand Up Guys HD VD $3
Star Trek The Original Motion Picture 4K VD/IT $4.50
Star Trek 4 Voyage Home 4K VD/IT $4.50
Star Trek 2009 4K Itunes $4.50 HD Vudu $2.50
Star Trek Beyond 4K VD/IT $5 HD Vudu $2.50
Star Trek Into Darkness 4K Itunes $3.50 HD Vudu $1.50
Star Wars Rogue One HDMA/4KIT $3.50 HD GP $2
Star Wars Solo HD GP $3.50
Star Wars Ep 4 A New Hope HD GP $4.50
Star Wars Ep 5 Empire Strike Back HD GP $4.50
Star Wars Ep 6 Return Of The Jedi HD GP $4.50
Star Wars Ep 7 Force Awaken 4K MA $4.50 HDMA/4KIT $2 HD GP $1
Star Wars Ep 8 The Last Jedi 4K MA $4.50 HDMA/4KIT $3 HD GP $1.50
Star Wars Ep 9 Rise Skywalker HD GP $2.50
Straight Outta Compton Unrated Itunes $3.50
Strawberry Shortcake Fun Under the Sun HD MA $3
Suburbicon HD VD/IT $3
Super 8 HD VD/IT $3.50
Superfly HD MA $3
Superman/Batman Apocalypse Itunes $3.50
Survive The Night HD VD/IT $3.50
Taken 2 HD MA $3 HD iTunes $2
Ted Unrated HD MA $2 Itunes $1.50
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles 2014 HD VD/IT $3
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Out Shadows HD VD/IT $3.50
Terminator Dark Fate HD VD/IT $3
Terminator Genesis HD VD/IT $3.50
That Awkward Moment SD MA $4
The Adventures Of Tin Tin SD Vudu $2
The Art Of Self Defense HD MA $3
The BFG HD GP $3
The Boy HD MA $4 Itunes $3.50
The Cabin In The Woods 4K VD/IT $5 HD VD/IT $3.50
The Croods HD MA $4
The D Train HD VD/IT $3.50
The Day The Earth Stood Still 2008 Itunes $3.50
The Dentist Collection HD Vudu $5
The Devil Inside SD VD/IT $2
The Duff HD VD/IT $3
The Emoji Movie HD MA $3
The Family iTunes $3.50
The Five Year Engagement iTunes $3.50
The Forbidden Kingdom HD Vudu $4
The Girl On The Train HD MA $2.50
The Good Dinosaur HD MA $4.50
The Greatest Showman HD MA $3.50
The Gunman HD MA $3.50
The Heat HD MA $3
The Hunt For Red October 4K Vudu $5
The Impossible HD Vudu $4
The Internship HD MA $3.50
The Iron Lady HD VD $3.50
The Last Witch Hunter HD Itunes $3.50
The Legend Of Hercules HD VD/IT $3
The Lucky One HD MA $2.50
The Marksman HD MA $4.50
The Menu HD GP $4
The Monuments Men SD MA $2
The Nut Job HD MA $3 Itunes $2.50
The Nut Job 2 Itunes $3.50
The Perks Of Being A Wallflower HD VD/IT $3.50
The Possession HD VD/IT $3.50
The Protege HD VD/IT $4
The Purge HD MA $1.50 4K Itunes $3
The Purge Anarchy HD MA $3
The Raven Itunes $3.50
The Requin HD Vudu $4.50
The Santa Clause 4K IT/HD MA $4.50 HD GP $3
The Santa Clause 2 4K IT/HD MA $4.50 HD GP $3
The Santa Clause 3 4K IT/HD MA $4.50 HD GP $3
The Secret Garden 2020 Itunes $4
The Secret Life Of Pets HD MA $3
The Secret Life Of Walter Mitty HD MA $4
The Shack HD VD/IT $3.50
The Spirit iTunes $3.50
The Spy Who Dumped Me HD VD/IT $4
The Sword In The Stone HD MA $5 HD GP $4
The Vanishing HD VD $3.50
The Vow SD MA $1.50
The Warlords HD VD $3.50
The Warriors Way iTunes $3.50
The Wedding Ringer HD MA $3.50
The Wolf On Wall Street HD VD/IT $3.50
The Woman In Black SD MA $1.50
Think Like A Man HD MA $3
Thor 4K MA $5.50 HD GP $4
Thor Dark World 4K MA $5.50 HD GP $3
Thor Love And Thunder HD MA $4 HD GP $2.50
Thor Ragnarok 4K MA $5 4KIT/HDMA $3 HD GP $1
Three Billboards Outside Ebbing Missouri HD MA $4
Tinkerbell NeverBeast HD MA $4.50 HD GP $3.50
Tinkerbell Pirate Fairy HD MA $4.50 HD GP $3.50
Tinkerbell Fairy Pixie Hollow Games HD MA $4
Top Gun HDVD/4KIT $4.50
Total Recall 1990 4K VD/IT $5
Tower Heist Itunes $3.50
Toy Story HDMA/4KIT $6 HD GP $4
Toy Story 4 4KIT/HDMA $4.50 HD GP $2.50
Transformers 4K VS/IT $5.50
Transformers Revenge Of The Fallen 4K VD/IT $5.50
Transformers Age Extinction 4K VD/IT $4.50 HDVD $3.50
Transformers Dark Of The Moon 4K VD/IT $4.50 HDVD $3.50
Transformers The Last Knight 4K VD/IT $4.50 HDVD $3.50
Trauma Center HD VD/IT $3
Trolls HD MA $4
Turbo HD MA $3.50
Turning Red 4K MA $5 HD MA $4 HD GP $3
Twilight Breaking Dawn Part 2 HD VD/IT $1
Underworld Awakening HD MA $3
Underworld Blood Wars HD MA $3
Universal 1200 Reward Points Codes "1 for $3 or 2 for $5"
Universal Rewards Monthly Movies You Pick HD/4K MA "1 for $3 or 2 for $5"
Unknown iTunes $3
Venom HD MA $3
Walking Dead Season 11 HD Vudu $6
Walking With Dinosaurs HD iTunes $3
War Room HD MA $3.50 SD MA $1.50
Warcraft HD MA $2.50
Warhunt 4K Vudu $5
Warm Bodies HD Vudu $3.50
Warrior Itunes $3.50
West Side Story 2021 HD MA $4 HD GP $3
What To Expect When Your Expecting HD Vudu $4
When The Game Stands Tall HD MA $2.50 SD MA $1.50
Where The Crawdads Sing HD MA $5
White House Down SD MA $2
Winnie Pooh Many Adventures HD MA $5
Winnie Pooh Springtime With Roo HD MA $5 HD GP $4
Winnie Pooh A Very Merry Pooh Year HD MA $4.50
Wonder HD VD/IT $3
Wonder Park HD VD/IT $3
World War Z HD VD/IT $3.50
Wreck It Ralph HD GP $4.50
X-Men Apocalypse HDMA/4KIT $4
X-Men Dark Phoenix HD MA $5
X-Men Days Of Future Past HDMA/4KIT $4
X-Men Wolverine 2013 Itunes 3.50
XXX Return Of Xander Cage 4K IT $4.50 HD VD/IT $3
Zero Dark Thirty HD VD $3.50
Zootopia HD GP $3
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