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Powerflush is a process that cleans your boiler to remove any dirt, mud, rust and debris that can build up in your system over time. If these substances are left in your heating system, they can cause blockages or corrosion and ultimately reduce the efficiency of your boiler – they can even eventually lead to failure. Using a dedicated Boiler Power Flush near Me, chemicals are circulated at high pressure through your radiators, pipes and boilers.
This removes any potentially inhibitory deposits and thus allows water to flow freely through your system. The time required for Power flush usually depends on the size and condition of your system. Typically, a Power flush can take about 8 hours, but on particularly complex systems it can take up to 2 days. The Power Flush Company has a number of local expert engineers qualified to perform Power flushes. You can contact us today to help diagnose if your system requires Power flush and make an appointment.

When should you get a system Power flush?

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Powerflush is needed when the system is heavily contaminated. This can be caused by a number of factors including improper installation, the system not being cleaned thoroughly prior to installation, or bacterial growth. If you are installing a new boiler, building regulations recommend that proper cleaning be performed prior to installation. This can vary from simple clean water flushing systems to Powerflush on more contaminated systems.
If you are looking for a professional Boiler Power Flush near Me, we will help you prevent your new system from being contaminated and inhibited by sludge and debris present in your old system. To speak with a qualified Powerflushes advisor and to find out how much it can cost to do a one-time at-home exercise, contact us today. Our trained advisors can give you the help and advice you need to keep your heating system running efficiently.

Signs it’s time for a powerflush

There are signs to watch out for that your central heating system is not working properly.
ü Cold spot on radiator e.g. basically
ü Excessive boiler or heating system pump noise
ü Water discolored when you bleed the radiator
ü The heater heats up slowly
ü Cloudy tap water (sludge in the system)
ü Some radiators have difficulty heating as well as others
ü The radiator is cold but the pipes are hot
ü Boiler stops frequently and must be restarted
ü No water comes out when you bleed the radiator
ü Noisy radiators and/or boilers
ü Small leak in radiator

How does Central Heating Power Flush work?

If you need a Central Heating Power Flush near Me, at The Power Flush Company, our central heating exhaust system is a process that removes the mud, rust and debris that get in your way. It works by circulating water and detergents to remove unwanted contaminants that affect heating efficiency.
Contaminants will build up over time, and if you ignore them, the efficiency of your heating system will slow down, leaving you heating unsatisfactory and increasing your electricity bill. For these reasons, it is essential to de-energize your central heating system.
Once connected, a strong chemical that acts as a cleaner is released into the system to cycle your system to remove sludge, rust, debris and lime scale. Your heating professional will then use clean water to flush the contaminated liquid out of the system and dispose of it properly after the chemical has removed scale, oil, scale and impurities.

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The feature is standard on all 2008 and newer models, thanks to the TREAD Act, which Congress enacted in 2000 after rollover incidents involving the Ford Explorer and Firestone tires.
People are constantly looking for ways to reduce costs included with their vehicle. And there are several ways to accomplish this. Regular maintenance, safe reasonable driving, and choosing a vehicle design for your needs.
Even your choice of tires can greatly impact the fuel efficiency of your vehicle. More gas mileage means more money in your pocket.
Tires impact handling, braking, and acceleration, which results in better overall fuel efficiency.
The primary consideration around the gas mileage outcome that your tires produce is what we call rolling resistance. The National Research Council (NRC) defines rolling resistance as the measure of “force at the axel in the direction of travel required to make a loaded tire roll.”
Tires experience extreme forces during driving. The shape of the tire is constantly changing while the vehicle is moving, cycling between deformation and recovery. The energy involved with this cycle was once available to turn the wheels, but is effectively wasted and is released through heat in the tires.
The formula is complicated, as many other factors impact rolling resistance. Tire design including: dimensions, design, material, and construction also impact rolling resistance. Other primary tire attributes play a roll, like traction and handling.
Driver maintenance is also vital, regardless of the tire you choose. Having tires which are filled to the proper air pressure is essential to maximizing your fuel efficiency. Great tires without ideal air pressure will experience far more rolling resistance and you will be at the gas pump more often than you should be.
Tire Review published an article stating that “studies show 20 – 30% of a vehicle’s fuel consumption are tire related.”
So if you are looking to keep some gas money in your pocket, check out these fuel efficiency tires:
Vercelli Strada II technology utilizes high dispersion silica (HDS) that strengthens the molecular structure of the rubber to improve fuel economy.
Americus AP 2000 which is designed with a low rolling resistance tread compound for high mileage and fuel saving.
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Following my previous Theorymon post, I made stats for my paradox Eeveelutions ( + design concepts)
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This Pokemon resembles a machine seen in a shady hardware store catalog. There's a switch on the back to dictate how fast the saws spin.
Iron Saw (Jolteon)
Type: Electric/Steel
Ability: Quark Drive
HP: 70
Atk: 100
Def: 70
SpAtk: 110
SpDef: 80
Spe: 140
BST: 570
Notable Moves: Flash Cannon, Steel Beam, Iron Head, Gear Grind, Shift Gear, Bug Buzz, Night Slash, Psycho Cut, Hone Claws, Focus Blast, Boomburst, Self-Destruct, Fake Out, Drill Run, Megahorn, Swords Dance, Air Slash, Cross Poison ( + Jolteon's OG movepool)
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This Pokemon was reported to be seen in an abandoned town biting debris. If seen, it's strongly advised you don't approach it.
Crater Fangs (Flareon)
Type: Fire/Ground
Ability: Protosynthesis
HP: 75
Atk: 155
Def: 85
SpAtk: 85
SpDef: 75
Spe: 95
BST: 570
Notable Moves: Blaze Kick, Burn Up, Eruption, Heat Crash, Raging Fury, Earthquake, Earth Power, Headlong Rush, Rock Slide, Stone Edge, Stealth Rock, Spikes, Fake Out, Morning Sun, Swords Dance, Body Press, Bulk Up, Close Combat, Crunch, Psychic Fangs, Head Smash, Outrage ( + Flareon's OG movepool)
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This Pokemon seems to be used to clean pollution from beaches and oceans. It has forms for land and sea travel.
Iron Ocean (Vaporeon)
Type: WatePoison
Ability: Quark Drive
HP: 150
Atk: 50
Def: 80
SpAtk: 130
SpDef: 110
Spe: 50
BST: 570
Notable Moves: Water Spout, Sludge Bomb, Sludge Wave, Clear Smog, Gastro Acid, Toxic Spikes, Spikes, Stealth Rock, Thunderbolt, Thunder, Volt Switch, Overheat, Strange Steam, Giga Drain, Self-Destruct, Flash Cannon, Recover ( + Vaporeon's OG movepool)
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This Pokemon is a ghastly one-eyed creature first seen in a cryptic online blog. It keeps a constant, unnerving smile.
Floating Eye (Espeon)
Type: Psychic/Ghost
Ability: Protosynthesis
HP: 55
Atk: 45
Def: 45
SpAtk: 155
SpDef: 125
Spe: 145
BST: 570
Notable Moves: Hypnosis, Hex, Destiny Bond, Dark Pulse, Nasty Plot, Glare, Memento, Taunt, Focus Blast, Mystical Fire, Morning Sun, Earth Power, Mean Look ( + Espeon's OG movepool)
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This Pokemon seems to be a robotic spy drone used for government work. Its movements are perfectly silent.
Iron Silence (Umbreon)
Type: Dark/Psychic
Ability: Quark Drive
HP: 100
Atk: 50
Def: 120
SpAtk: 80
SpDef: 130
Spe: 90
BST: 570
Notable Moves: Knock Off, Memento, Switcheroo, Expanding Force, Psyshock, Gravity, Hypnosis, Imprison, Trick Room, Thunderbolt, Thunder Wave, U-turn, Volt Switch, Fake Out, Encore, Taunt, Torment, Parting Shot, Pain Split ( + Umbreon's OG movepool)
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Many trainers mistake Forest's Edge for a normal Leafeon and attempt to approach it, only to get viciously attacked.
Forest's Edge (Leafeon)
Type: Grass/Fighting
Ability: Protosynthesis
HP: 65
Atk: 145
Def: 115
SpAtk: 45
SpDef: 85
Spe: 115
BST: 570
Notable Moves: Close Combat, Body Press, Bulk Up, Low Kick, Earthquake, Rock Slide, Stone Edge, Flare Blitz, Blaze Kick, Crunch, Psychic Fangs, Foul Play, Taunt, Fake Out, Poison Jab, Gunk Shot, Shadow Claw, Outrage, Dragon Claw ( + Leafeon's OG movepool)
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This appears to be a walking air conditioner with cooling fans and a red-hot furnace.
Iron Comfort (Glaceon)
Type: Ice/Fire
Ability: Quark Drive
HP: 90
Atk: 50
Def: 120
SpAtk: 120
SpDef: 120
Spe: 70
BST: 570
Notable Moves: Haze, Defog, Flamethrower, Heat Wave, Fire Blast, Overheat, Air Slash, Hurricane, Burn Up, Flash Cannon, Will-o-Wisp, Thunder Wave, Discharge, Thunderbolt, Dazzling Gleam, Scald ( + Glaceon's OG movepool)
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This is the result of sending a Sylveon to the distant past and leaving it there for a long time. It seems to be possessed by an unknown entity.
Demon Fae (Sylveon)
Type: Fairy/Dark
Ability: Protosynthesis
HP: 95
Atk: 115
Def: 85
SpAtk: 115
SpDef: 85
Spe: 75
BST: 570
Notable Moves: Crunch, Sucker Punch, Taunt, Dark Pulse, Knock Off, Swords Dance, Nasty Plot, Memento, Throat Chop. Leech Life, U-turn, Fire Punch, Ice Punch, Thunder Punch, Close Combat, Bulk Up, Blaze Kick, Shadow Claw, Earthquake, Snarl, Poison Jab, Spirit Break, Fake Out, Extreme Speed, Psycho Cut, Zen Headbutt, Rock Slide, Stone Edge, Drain Punch ( + Sylveon's OG movepool)

Nowadays, laptops are a necessary component of daily life. It is required practically always, regardless of whether you are seated at your computer or intend to watch a movie on the bed. So, it is always a hassle if the device is ever destroyed or has a problem.
We recognize that when looking for laptop repair services in Singapore, you will prioritize the company’s standing and capabilities. But, you can also be concerned about the part’s validity and pricing.

1. HITECH COMPUTER & IT SOLUTIONS

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A CLEAR PICTURE FROM THEIR WORDS :
Hitech Computer & IT Solutions is an IT specialist based in Singapore, Hougang & Kembangan (Sister Company – RM Computers Services ). Whether you are a business or a home user, we are here to help. From a computer or laptop repair. We can solve almost any problem you are facing. We have more than 17 years of experience in IT, our team has worked for large companies in the past, and day by day we add good customers to our experience.
ADRESS : #01-817,Blk, 681 Hougang Ave 8, Singapore 530681
PHONE : +65 83830543
EMAIL : [email protected]
Note : (Monday Closed)
Services
* Laptop repair services * MacBook pro repair services * iMac repair services * iPhone repair services * iPad repair services * Apple repair services * Phone repair services * Computer repair services * Motherboard repair services * Data recovery services

2. IDEVICE REPAIR CENTRE

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A CLEAR PICTURE FROM THEIR WORDS :
iDevice Repair Centre was established in 2007 when the first iPhone 2G was launched. We are sure some of us could recall that monumental moment when the late Steve Jobs introduced the first ever iPhone to the world. Ever since then, it has revolutionised the way we communicate with one another. Our journey in fixing Apple devices was born there and then when our Founder dismantled his first ever iP2G out of curiosity and successfully assembled it back. Over the years, we have expanded our repair services to include other Apple devices such as MacBooks, iMacs, Mac Mini, iPads etc and also Windows Laptops and Android Phones. We have serviced over 30,000 customers and we are indeed grateful to have the support from our old and new customers over the years.
ADRESS : 90 Bras Basah Road Esplanade Xchange B1-01, Singapore 189562
PHONE : +65 9823 2527 +65 9382 6864
EMAIL : [email protected]
Services
* Laptop repair services * MacBook pro repair services * iMac repair services * iPhone repair services * iPad repair services * Apple repair services * Phone repair services * Computer repair services * Motherboard repair services * Data recovery services
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1. ESMOND SERVICE CENTRE

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A CLEAR PICTURE FROM THEIR WORDS :
Esmond Service Centre have been recognized by various Media as one of Singapore Top Service Provider. With over a decade in the industry, not only do we provide IT Support services to end consumers but also value added services for Government sectors, Schools, SME’s and MNC’s.
ADRESS : Alexandra (West Branch): Alexandra Retail Centre ( ARC ), 460 Alexandra Road #02-39 Singapore 119963 Bishan (Central Branch): 24 Sin Ming Lane (Midview City) #01-100 Singapore 573970
PHONE :+65 6994 2262 WhatsApp +65 8828 8180
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EMAIL : [email protected]
Services
* MacBook Repair * Laptop Repair * Gaming Laptop Repair * Surface Pro Repair * iPhone Repair * iPad Repair

4. LAPTOP DOCTOR

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A CLEAR PICTURE FROM THEIR WORDS :
Your computer is practically your life if you depend on it in your job practice. You should always ensure that it is performing to capacity. Apple computer products are quite durable and also delicate. Therefore, when they are in need of repair, you should place them on hands that have a reputation for quality service. We are a trusted, and reliable local Apple repair service and our laptop doctors have been fixing computers since 1997 in Singapore. We use only original parts for replacement, and we can offer upgrades to your system upon request.
ADRESS : Block 416, Ang Mo Kio Avenue 10, #01-979, Singapore 560416
PHONE :+65 6454 6189
Services
* MacBook Repair * Laptop Repair * Gaming Laptop Repair * Surface Pro Repair * iPhone Repair * iPad Repair
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5. BUDGET PC UPGRADE & REPAIR

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A CLEAR PICTURE FROM THEIR WORDS :
Laptop repair, computer repair, imac, macbook repair, data recovery, SD card recovery etc. We are Singapore trusted neighbourhood IT support. We make any computer problem go away at your convenience.replacement, and we can offer upgrades to your system upon request.
ADRESS : Tai Seng • Jurong • Marsiling • Tampines
PHONE :+65 6385 3882
Services
* MacBook Repair * Laptop Repair * Gaming Laptop Repair * Surface Pro Repair * iPhone Repair * iPad Repair

6. LYK Repair

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A CLEAR PICTURE FROM THEIR WORDS :
We provide reliable apple products repairs directly to your doorstep, giving you faster recovery, greater convenience, at the most competitive prices. We also provide FREE pickup & delivery service for organisation be it SME, Schools, F&B Business for your ipad / iphone repairs. Our corporate clients are mainly restaurants and schools that use iPads to take order / educating students. LYK Repair act as a one stop iPad repair service provider, assisting them in technical and hardware issue whenever they encounter problems with their iPads. Some examples are International French school , Japan Food Holding, Concord Primary School, New Town Primary School, Metta School and more than 40 MOE Schools. To help us understand your requirements better, simply fill up the form below and our team will get back to you within the next business day. For urgent requests, do call us directly!
ADRESS : 1 Irving PI, #06-02 The [email protected], Singapore 369546 2 Venture Dr, #02-15 Vision Exchange, Singapore 608526 12 Woodlands Square , Woods Square Tower 1 #12-65 Singapore
PHONE :+65 90252185, +65 96992229
EMAIL : [email protected]
Services
* MacBook Repair * Laptop Repair * Gaming Laptop Repair * Surface Pro Repair * iPhone Repair * iPad Repair

7. Pronto Arigato

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A CLEAR PICTURE FROM THEIR WORDS :
Pronto Arigato started off humbly as a home-based service provider doing MacBook repair. Years later as our hobby turned into passion, we opened our service centre at Jalan Sultan. Over the years, we’ve taken this business further than we could have possibly imagined and we owe the success of our company to all of our delighted customers. Our amazing reviews from our satisfied customers speaks for itself in showing our commitment to providing excellent service.
ADRESS : Paya Lebar Square, 60 Paya Lebar Road #13-09 Singapore 409051
PHONE : +65 9299 9626
MAIL : [email protected]
Services
* Phone Repair * MacBook Repair * Laptop Repair * Gaming Laptop Repair * Surface Pro Repair * iPhone Repair * iPad Repair

8. Digital Hospital

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A CLEAR PICTURE FROM THEIR WORDS :
We are on a mission. We are here to revive your gadgets with best of trade-in and repairing service. Based in Singapore, today Digital Hospital strives to provide consumers the power of technology by taking care of their gadgets. We are not just a bunch of gadget freaks. We are aware of the e-waste and have taken a stand to save earth also by reducing technological waste. Since 2007, our recycling experts are serving both human and nature, one device at a time. Our friendly experts take care of every gadget as their own and share the most awesome tips to boost its performance. From the humble beginnings with one outlet service centre in 2007, Digital Hospital has grown her business network extensively over the years. Today our dedicated team of in-house laptop and repair specialists are helping electronics retailers and mass consumers in Singapore with trading; hardware and software upgrades; maintenance; repair and trade-in services.
ADRESS : Bugis Junction: 200 Victoria Street #03-25 Singapore 188021
PHONE : +65 6333 3343
EMAIL : [email protected]
Services
* Phone Repair * MacBook Repair * Laptop Repair * Gaming Laptop Repair * Surface Pro Repair * iPhone Repair * iPad Repair

9. TRIT Computer Repair & Data Recovery

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A CLEAR PICTURE FROM THEIR WORDS :
TRIT Computer specializes in repairs and offers a wide range of computer repair services for a wide range of models including Apple iMac Repair, Retina MacBook Repair, MacBook Pro Repair, MacBook Air Repair, iPad Repair, Mac Pro Repair, Mac Mini Repair, Data Recovery and other Computer Repair such as PC Repair & Laptop Repair.
ADRESS : Yishun Outlet: 926, Yishun Central 1, #01-191, Singapore 760926 Yio Chu Kang Outlet: 631, Ang Mo Kio Ave 4, #01-922, Singapore 560631 Hougang Outlet: The Midtown, 1187 Upper Serangoon Road #02-09, S(533971) Tampines Outlet: Telepark, 5 Tampines Central 6, #01-07, S(529482)
PHONE : Yishun Outlet: +65 8800 060
PHONE : Yio Chu Kang Outlet: +65 8555 5522
PHONE : Hougang Outlet: +65 8555 5500
PHONE : Tampines Outlet: +65 8800 0707
Services
* Phone Repair * MacBook Repair * Laptop Repair * Gaming Laptop Repair * Surface Pro Repair * iPhone Repair * iPad Repair
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10. The Digital Mage

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A CLEAR PICTURE FROM THEIR WORDS :
We are specialists who own and love IT gadgets. That is why we know it is important when your beloved gadgets break down, they will be repaired by safe, experienced hands. Apple devices, Windows devices, mobile tablets and smart phones. We will ensure that data integrity is not compromised. Just like how our promise to you of 6 months warranty is not compromised. Oh, did we mention that the pickup/dropoff and diagnostics are free? Call us for a fuss-free quotation over the phone now!
ADRESS : 7030 Ang Mo Kio Avenue, 5 [email protected], #08-54, Singapore 569880
PHONE : (+65) 9362 4433
MAIL: [email protected]
Services
* Phone Repair * MacBook Repair * Laptop Repair * Gaming Laptop Repair * Surface Pro Repair * iPhone Repair * iPad Repair
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11. Family Data Recovery

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A CLEAR PICTURE FROM THEIR WORDS :
Laptops are essential to our everyday life. This is especially true for people who use it for a living, whether for office or freelance work. For issues that can’t be solved by simply following instructions found on the Internet, it is best to find a laptop repair expert in Singapore. Beyond data recovery, Family Data Recovery Singapore also does laptop repairs. We have some of the best laptop repair specialists in Singapore in our team who can address a comprehensive range of concerns in a variety of laptop brands, makes, and models. What’s more, we can even help you retrieve data from your damaged hardware.
PHONE : (+65) 64328211
EMAIL:[email protected]
Services
* Phone Repair * MacBook Repair * Laptop Repair * Gaming Laptop Repair * Surface Pro Repair * iPhone Repair * iPad Repair

12. Tekkie Help

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A CLEAR PICTURE FROM THEIR WORDS :
Tekkie Help provides onsite IT support for people at home, as well as small and medium sized businesses. Our objective is to take the hassle out of your technology and get it all working in the most effective and efficient way. We pride ourselves on our personal approach to customer service.
ADDRESS : 216 Joo Chiat Road, #04-26, SoHo Life, Singapore 427483
PHONE : (+65) 8113 8682
EMAIL: [email protected]
Services
* Phone Repair * MacBook Repair * Laptop Repair * Gaming Laptop Repair * Surface Pro Repair * iPhone Repair * iPad Repair
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13. iDevice Repair Centre

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A CLEAR PICTURE FROM THEIR WORDS :
iDevice Repair Centre was established in 2007 when the first iPhone 2G was launched. We are sure some of us could recall that monumental moment when the late Steve Jobs introduced the first ever iPhone to the world. Ever since then, it has revolutionised the way we communicate with one another. Our journey in fixing Apple devices was born there and then when our Founder dismantled his first ever iP2G out of curiosity and successfully assembled it back. Over the years, we have expanded our repair services to include other Apple devices such as MacBooks, iMacs, Mac Mini, iPads etc and also Windows Laptops and Android Phones. We have serviced over 30,000 customers and we are indeed grateful to have the support from our old and new customers over the years.
ADDRESS : 90 Bras Basah Road, Esplanade Xchange, B1-01 Singapore, 189562 (Near City Hall MRT)
PHONE : (+65) 9823 2527 or (+65) 9382 6864
EMAIL: [email protected]
Services
* Phone Repair * MacBook Repair * Laptop Repair * Gaming Laptop Repair * Surface Pro Repair * iPhone Repair * iPad Repair
​

14. Lynx IT Services

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A CLEAR PICTURE FROM THEIR WORDS :
Lynx IT Services, we are one of the prominent Computer and Laptop Service Centre in Singapore. Lynx IT Services provides a wide range of professional IT Services to our customers from assessment to design and maintenance, setting up of Server, PC, Network, Security, Email, etc., Being best computer and laptop repair shop in Singapore provide best Macbook Repair, IT Support and Maintenance, Surface Pro Repair Services, Software installation services, Surface Pro screen replacement, Laptop Screen Replacement, Data Backup and Recovery, Data Recovery, Surface Pro LCD Replacement, Virus Removal services, Doorstep Computer Repair Services in Singapore. We provide Laptop and Computer Services for brands Dell, HP, Lenovo, Acer, Asus, Compaq, Toshiba, Fujitsu, Sony laptop services in Singapore. We offer reasonable Service Level Agreements (SLA) covering most of the additional maintenance services. With our 24/7/365 days per year support, we are making troubleshooting as easy as possible.
ADDRESS : 65 Ubi Road 1, #03-78, Oxley Bizhub, Singapore 408729
PHONE : (+65) 6977 7990 / (+65) 8232 6898
EMAIL: [email protected]
Services
* Phone Repair * MacBook Repair * Laptop Repair * Gaming Laptop Repair * Surface Pro Repair * iPhone Repair * iPad Repair

15. Come to Repair

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A CLEAR PICTURE FROM THEIR WORDS :
Come To Repair – Apple Certified iOS & Mac Repair Technician Your Local Computer / Smartphone / Tablet Specialist Servicing Come To Repair is dedicated to providing the best customer service and Computer / Smartphone / Tablet repair skills that available to you. When you have any devices from Desktop, Laptop, Mac, Macbook, Smartphone, or Tablet that needs repairing, you won’t have to worry for long! Our Apple Certified iOS & Mac Repair Technician with 10+ years repairing experience are skilled in dealing with all kind of issues from any device(s) of computer, smartphone, tablet and gadgets. Come To Repair cover a comprehensive range of brands Desktop & Laptop: MacBook, iMac, Mac Mini, Microsoft Surface Pro/Book/Laptop, Razer, Asus, Acer, etc. Smartphone & Tablet: Apple iPhone, iPad, Samsung, Huawei, XiaoMi, Oppo, Vivo, Oneplus, Blackberry, Nokia, etc
ADDRESS :14 Scotts Road, #01-80 Far East Plaza, Singapore 228213
PHONE : (+65) 8916 5733
EMAIL: [email protected]
Services
* Phone Repair * MacBook Repair * Laptop Repair * Gaming Laptop Repair * Surface Pro Repair * iPhone Repair * iPad Repair

16. Mac.Infinity

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A CLEAR PICTURE FROM THEIR WORDS :
Lynx IT Services, we are one of the prominent Computer and Laptop Service Centre in Singapore. Lynx IT Services provides a wide range of professional IT Services to our customers from assessment to design and maintenance, setting up of Server, PC, Network, Security, Email, etc., Being best computer and laptop repair shop in Singapore provide best Macbook Repair, IT Support and Maintenance, Surface Pro Repair Services, Software installation services, Surface Pro screen replacement, Laptop Screen Replacement, Data Backup and Recovery, Data Recovery, Surface Pro LCD Replacement, Virus Removal services, Doorstep Computer Repair Services in Singapore. We provide Laptop and Computer Services for brands Dell, HP, Lenovo, Acer, Asus, Compaq, Toshiba, Fujitsu, Sony laptop services in Singapore. We offer reasonable Service Level Agreements (SLA) covering most of the additional maintenance services. With our 24/7/365 days per year support, we are making troubleshooting as easy as possible.
ADDRESS : 9 Raffles Boulevard, Millenia Walk, #01-68, Singapore 039596 107 North Bridge Road, Funan Mall, #03-24, Singapore 179105
PHONE : (+65) [email protected] / (+65) 9169 1257
EMAIL: [email protected]
Services
* Phone Repair * MacBook Repair * Laptop Repair * Gaming Laptop Repair * Surface Pro Repair * iPhone Repair * iPad Repair
​

17. Fynd

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A CLEAR PICTURE FROM THEIR WORDS :
Fynd provides reliable & trustworthy on-demand phone repair service. When you break your device, you don’t have to go to a repair shop, instead the repair shop will come to you! We will repair your device at a location and time of your convenience.
ADDRESS : 1 Scotts Road, Shaw Centre #24-10, Singapore 228208 (Corporate office only; no repair center available)
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There is a widespread belief that the Knights Templar and the Cathars had a similar world-view. What is undeniable is that they shared the fate of being denounced as heretics, and violently attacked by secular and ecclesiastical ecclesiastical authorities of France. They were subjected to arrest, interrogation and torture by the Inquisition and in the cases of a number, executed by burning at the stake.
Some have claimed that, because of some shared Gnostic heritage, the Order of the Temple offered shelter to fugitive Cathars during the Papal persecution of the sect, which commenced a century before the Templars themselves faced destruction. The Templars in the meantime are supposed to have embraced or reaffirmed many Cathar doctrines. The two 'heretical' groups are supposed to have been united additionally by reverence for a particular female saint, Mary Magdalene, and by having some special insight concerning her relationship with Jesus.
One of the functions of religion is to answer fundamental existential questions. Primarily, it must account for the darkness, death and pain in the world, how these things can afflict humanity if there exists a loving God. God, being good, cannot be responsible for the presence of evil, so there has to be another force, an enemy of mankind, a Devil. But if God is the creator of all things and Almighty, how can he permit this Devil to exist? The branch of early Christianity that became Roman Catholicism reasoned that God must have been permitting the Devil's existence in order to test people's faith; and to punish the souls of the wicked in a ghastly afterlife in Hell. An alternative faction explained things differently. They drew on an age-old Zoroastrian idea of two cosmic forces- light and darkness- locked in an endless struggle. Influenced by Orphism and Manichaeanism, the belief developed that the material world was the dominion of the evil principal- the false god or demiurgue. There was no hell other than this created world. This reality was a prison for the soul. The soul was part of an angel, created by the good God, but tempted by the Devil into a human body. The soul, itself, belonged to the domain of light and yearned to return there. In that purely spiritual paradise was to be found the original and true God, who transcends creation.
The former (Catholic) view gained ascendancy and was recognised as orthodoxy by the ruling classes. However, due to the influence of St Augustine of Hippo, previously an associate of a Manichaean sect, a tendency to link the flesh and worldliness with the Devil crept into the Catholic mainstream. This was later evident in the Rule drawn up for a Catholic Order of warrior monks. (This was a radical new organisation, made possible in part by another Augustinian doctrine, about it being permissible for Christians to fight and kill in defence of the Faith). The Rule sought to impose a sombre and austere way of life on these men- the Knights Templar.
You who renounce your own wills… serving the Sovereign King (God) with horses and arms, for the salvation of your souls… strive everywhere to hear matins… God is with you if you promise to despise the Deceitful world in perpetual love of God and scorn the temptations of the body.(The Primitive Rule of the Templars, translated by J Upton Ward (Clause 9, p. 21)
The Templars were founded to defend pilgrims and the frontiers of the territory taken by the First Crusade, and were based on Temple Mount in Jerusalem. Their primary backer, the Cistercian Abbot Bernard of Clairvaux, secured their recognition as an arm of the Church at the Council of Troyes in 1128/9. He also saw that these warriors would observe monastic regulations, living celibately and without personal property. The Templars grew quickly, as idealistic knights joined and as pious aristocrats donated estates to them. They matured as a fighting force during the Second Crusade, of 1147-9.
The 1140s also saw the establishment of a convent of Benedictine nuns at Bethany, near Jerusalem. It was patronised by Queen Melisende, the half-Armenian daughter of Baldwin II. Her younger sister Yoveta eventually became abbess of the convent. Bethany was best known for the tomb from which Christ had raised Lazarus, the brother of Mary and Martha back to life. A nearby church marked the spot where Mary of Bethany had anointed Christ. The Catholic Church identified Mary of Bethany with Mary Magdalene, while the Greek Orthodox Church identified two different women. The disagreement caused some argument. The Latin Bishop of Laodicea, Gerard of Nazareth, wrote a polemic supporting the Western tradition. This supported a cult of Mary Magdalene that flourished in Bethany. However there is some suggestion that at least one Templar, identified by Gerard as Sala, disagreed with the conflation. Whatever the case, devotion to Mary Magdalene, and Easter processions between Bethany and the Holy Sepulchre flourished in the Crusader Kingdom until that state's near obliteration by the forces of Saladin.
Poor and divided leadership propelled the Christian side to defeat at the battle of Hattin in 1187. Afterwards the victorious Sultan, made the Templar and Hospitaller prisoners choose between conversion to Islam or death. They all refused to convert and were beheaded en-masse by the Sufis accompanying the Islamic army. After this, Saladin swept through the Crusader state and soon Jerusalem was in his hands. (The convent at Bethany was also destroyed at this time, though the nuns appears to have reconvened at Acre, the new capital of the Latin East, and resisted moves from the Knights Hopsitaller to take over their remaining properties. A Cistercian convet dedicated to Mary Magdalene also existed at Acre).
Another religious movement, known to history as the Cathar heresy, was taking root in Southern France at this time. The Cathars were similar to the Templars in their scorn of worldly things and their obsession with chastity. They differed from them in that they did not reflect the misogyny of the Catholic establishment, and allowed women, too, to be ordained as spiritual leaders, or Perfecti. They seem to have preached that no violence was just, that social rank was irrelevant, and that worldliness was sinful. They believed in reincarnation so practiced vegetarianism. Their one sacrament was the consolamentum, which cut off elite believers from the material world. Perfecti lived austerely, hoping that by denying the world in this life they would escape the cycle of reincarnation and reach paradise when they died. They lived on the charity of Credentes, or Cathar believers. The Cathars had affiliates in the Balkans and the Byzantine Empire, known as Bogomils. In 1167 Bogomil delegates supposedly attended a Cathar Council in the Languedoc town of St Felix de Carman, near Toulouse. Presided over by their high priest Niquinta, the council established the dualist doctrines of the Cathar counter-church, and that these doctrines were irreconcilable with Catholicism.
Cathar beliefs were recorded by Inquisitors, like the later Bernardo Gui, who would endeavour to eradicate these same beliefs. Cathars denied the physical resurrection of Christ, and some of them considered that he had been of pure spirit- how else could he escape the taint of being part of the Devil's imperfect world? They rejected the Old Testament, but had their own sacred writings, perhaps even having some familiarity with the Gnostic Gospels, (which Catholicism had endeavoured to suppress and which were formerly presumed lost). Naturally the Cathars also rejected the authority of the Pope and his Bishops. They saw no value in confessing to a priest who may be himself a sinner, and who had power 'neither to loose nor bind'. The water Catholic priests used in baptism could not sanctify, argued the Cathars, because it was of corrupt matter (part of the world that the Devil had made). The host of the Eucharist could not contain the blood and body of Christ, as 'it passes through the body and comes to a vile end which, they say, could not happen if God were in it'. Moreover it was, for Cathars, anathema to worship the cross, as 'no-one would adore the gallows on which a father, relative or friend were hung.' As such subversive ideas spread, they become a threat to ecclesiastical authority in the region. When worldly Papal Legates were dispatched as preachers, to win back the souls of Languedoc for Catholicism, they had the opposite of the desired effect.
Pope Innocent III ordered Count Raymond VI of Toulouse to persecute the Cathars in his district. 'The ingrained corruption of abominable heresy does not cease to breed monstrous offspring… Let us… enforce correction of this vile breed of people… Ulcers which do not respond to treatment must be cut with the knife.' Peter de Castelnau, the Papal Legate, echoed these demands. Raymond did not cooperate, though, and found himself excommunicated. In 1208 Innocent III called a crusade, to quash Catharism, prompted by Castelnau's murder. He promised spiritual indulgences to knights, mostly from Northern France, who came south to attack the heretics and those who harboured them. For many knights this was a much easier proposition than going all the way to Palestine. Back in 1099, Jerusalem had been won for Christendom by an army under Raymond IV de St Gilles, count of Toulouse. Now Northern Crusaders descended to attack the land of his namesake. This campaign became known as the Albigensian Crusade, after the town of Albi, one of the hotbeds of Catharism. The Templars and Hospitallers, also well established in the Languedoc, were torn in their allegiances, now, between the Pope and their historical patrons. They opted to try to preserve their neutrality.
It must have been difficult, as this turned out to be a total war. To forestall his own fate, Raymond VI initially made a show of penitence, actually joining the Crusade and directing it against his former ally, Raymond-Roger Trencavel, viscount of Beziers and Carcassonne. When the 'Crusaders' stormed the city of Beziers, the new Papal Legate, the Abbot Arnold Amaury of Citeaux, reputedly told his troops 'kill them all, God will know his own!' A rash sortie by the defenders left a gate of the city undefended, and the rabble of the northern army was able to surge through and hold it open. As the streets filled with blood, many of the people fled to a church in the upper town, which was dedicated to Mary Magdalene. The crusaders trapped them there and slaughtered them. (The chronicles say 7,000 people died, though the church could only have contained about 1,000.) In one morning the town was wiped out. Altogether some 20,000 people, 'regardless of age and sex' as the Abbot proudly informed the Pope, were killed. This terrible massacre was the first of the 'crusade', and occurred on July 22, Saint Mary Magdalene's day, 1209. The crusaders went on to attack Carcassonne, imprisoning its lord the Viscount Raymond-Roger Trencavel when he came out to nnegotiate after a brave resistance against the northern might. The city soon fell into the crusaders' hands, and deprived of their possessions the people were driven out. The next major target was Miverne, which fell to the Crusaders exactly a year after Beziers. Arnold Amaury marked Mary Magdalene's day with the first mass burning of living Cathars.
There was a popular cult of Saint Mary Magdalene in southern France. Mary Magdalene had been one of Christ's followers, (out of whom he had cast seven devils). According to the Canonical Gospels, she was present at the Crucifixion, and the tomb of Christ, and took the news the missing body to the disciples. John's Gospel additionally has her as the first to encounter the risen Christ, after she lingered in the garden weeping. Because of her role as messenger Mary Magdalene was afforded the title of apostola apostolorum. The early Gnostics has also revered the saint, and their writings portrayed her as a member of Christ's inner circle. They believed Christ's spirit appeared to her, after the Crucifixion, to reveal to her deeper spiritual truths. Moreover, many Gnostic Christians found in her a refreshing foil to the patriarchal and hierarchical religion constructed by Peter, Paul and later Church Fathers like Saint Jerome. Gnostics believed that Mary comprehended Christ's teaching better than any other, being one of the closest people to him. According to one of the Gnostic apocrypha, the Gospel of Philip, she was called the companion of the Saviour.
…But Christ loved her more than all the other disciples and used to kiss her often on the mouth. The rest of the disciples were offended by it and expressed disapproval. They said to him 'Why do you love her more than all of us?' The saviour answered and told them 'Why do I not love you like her?'
The Catholic Church, however, downplayed her preaching role. It would not do to elevate a female too highly (except for the Virgin mother of Christ). Magdalene was portrayed as a penitent whore. (After the crucifixion, according to the medieval myth, she came and to southern France, living out her days as a hermit. Her relics were discovered in Provence by a monk and removed to Vezelay Abbey in Burgundy.) Mary's redemption by divine grace made her a symbol of God's forgiveness of sinners. In so far as this she may have appealed to the Templars, many of whom, in their own way, had turned their backs on sinful lives to follow Christ. There is no evidence for any especial reverence for her within the Order, though. Their Latin Rule doesn't mention her except in a list of saints feast days to be observed (clause 75), and is as about as unfriendly towards females as any other tract that can be found:
The company of women is a dangerous thing, for by it the old Devil has led many from the straight path to paradise. Henceforth let not ladies be admitted as sisters to the House of the Temple… that the flower of chastity is always maintained among you.(Rule of the Templars, trans. J. Upton-Ward, clause 70, p. 36).
The author of the Rule saw women as dangerous temptresses and expressly associated them with the Devil. There may have been isolated examples of women 'giving themselves' to the Order to live according to its constitution, there may even have been nunneries, but this founding principal was hardly any encouragement for this. Women saints venerated by the Order included virgin martyrs like Catherine of Alexandria. Nonetheless for them female saints occupied a heavenly realm and were removed from real women, who were best avoided, as clause 71 of the rule made clear. Unlike Christ who had suffered a sinful woman to anoint him, the Templars were to have no contact, nor even to look at women, and not to kiss even their closest female relatives.
The Cathars were equally wary of the temptations of the flesh, but were without the institutional misogyny of the Catholic mainstream. Cathars allowed females to receive the consolamentum and to act as preaching Perfecti. This was part of their heresy in the eyes of the Catholics. They also seem to have had their own ideas concering Mary Magdalene. Many, including gypsies and poor people around the Languedoc, revered this saint, and believed the legend (fostered by Vezelay from the 1030s onwards) that she came there. She fled Palestine, and landed at Marseilles with Martha and Lazarus, and preached to the pagan inhabitants. Like the Gnostics before them, the Cathars elevated her above the other apostles. They may even have regarded her as the widow of Jesus. The anti-Cathar propagandists Ermegaud de Beziers and Durand de la Huesca (founder of the Order of Poor Catholics, which preached against the Perfecti while mirroring their asceticism) wrote that the Cathars secretly taught that Mary Magdalene was the wife or concubine of Christ; and also that she was the woman 'taken in adultery' who Christ had saved from the Jews who wanted to stone her. Reynaldus in his 'annales' stated that this was so of Cathar beliefs, but that they thought that Mary Magdalene had been the concubine of the man Jesus, who was a bad man. The real, good Christ had only existed as pure spirit in the mind of St Paul!
From this allegation has arisen something of a conspiracy theory: It has it that knowledge of Christ's alleged relationship with Mary (and perhaps proof thereof) passed from the Cathars to the Knights Templar. It was to remove the threat of this great secret, potentially damaging as it supposedly was to the Church, that the Catholic establishment suppressed the Templars, a century after the Albigensian Crusade. (The theory probably has a particular appeal to those with a latent penchant for goddess worship). Many authors have additionally speculated that Mary Magdalene was herself of royal blood, or a priestess of some Isis/Ishtar cult, and that the Cathars and Templars regarded her almost as the embodiment of the feminine aspect of the divine and the personification of holy wisdom (Sophia to the Gnostics). Part of the theory also has Mary and Jesus founding a dynasty, which fused with the Merovingian line, and which continued in secret into the middle ages and beyond. This theory is hard to reconcile with the Cathars hostility to the idea of marriage and procreation, which entrapped new souls in the wicked world. It also seems fatuous to cast Godfrey de Bouillon as the descendant of the Davidic/Magdalenian/Merovingian bloodline and the Templars as that supposed bloodline's secret guardians, given a/ that de Bouillon's ancestors were staunch advocates of Papal authority and b/ that the Templars had a turbulent relationship with Godfrey's successors as King of Jerusalem, and always looked to the Papacy as their protector. (The said conspiracy theory, on the other hand, casts Rome as the great persecutor of Christ's supposed descendants.)
It must be remembered that Mary Magdalene was a legitimate saint also for Catholics, and there was nothing inherently heretical in venerating her. Her supposed relics had been claimed by the Benedictine Monks of Vezelay in Burgundy, Central France. The cult was in evidence there from the mid eleventh century. The abbey claimed that the relics had been brought there centuries before by a monk who had retrieved them from their original shrine near Aix in Provence, where Mary had supposedly been lain to rest after spending 30 years living as a hermit in a remote cave called la Sainte Baume. Vezelay became was a great Catholic pilgrimage centre in the Crusading era, its new church being commenced in the same year as the launching of the First Crusade. Later the armies of the Second and Third Crusades had been mustered in Vezelay. Mary Magdalene, then, could also be presented as a patron saint for Crusaders. (Crusading itself was widely regarded as a penitential exercise for its participants). It is somewhat surprising, therefore, how little evidence there is of Mary Magdalen's cult within the Order of the Temple.
Later, at their own heresy trials, the Templars were accused of believing that Preceptors could forgive sins, even though they were not ordained priests. This is the one accusation that was probably true- though it resulted from confusion rather than wilful heresy. This was the only charge the English Templars were ever convicted for, and once they recanted about it they were absolved and welcomed back into the Church (most going on to live quietly, scattered in various monasteries and subsisting on meagre pensions). In one of the Continental trials, a Neapolitan Templar named Galcerand de Teusum (who had admitted denying Christ, probably under torture) testified that lay absolution was also practiced (the prosecution tried to imply that this was to stop the Church and the outside world learning of the Order's wicked secrets). De Teusum reported that the Preceptor officiating would say 'I pray God that he will pardon your sins as he pardoned... Saint Mary Magdalene, and the thief who was put on the cross'. This, it seems, is the only mention of Mary Magdalene from the trials, and does not betray any excessive reverence for her. It reflects the orthodox view of her as a symbol of God's forgiveness. The prosecution made out, incidentally, that the phrase 'the thief who was on the cross' expressed the Templars' secret contempt for Jesus, but it could have just referred the penitent one of the two criminals who were crucified alongside Him. (The man who Christ told that he would be with Him in Heaven).
The Templars, though neutral, in fact seemed to err on the side of the northern 'crusaders' during the Albigensian wars, while their rivals the Knights Hospitaller, though neutral, did the opposite. The Hospitallers were closely tied to the branch of the house of St-Gilles in the Holy land, and remained loyal to Raymond VI in Toulouse. Count Raymond's alliance with the Crusaders did not last. The war degenerated into a territorial dispute, with Simon de Montfort, the ruthless leader of the Catholic armies, leading the attack on Raymond's land for his own aggrandisement. (De Montfort's army would kill King Pedro of Aragon who came to Raymond's aid. Ironically Pedro had become something of a Christian hero a year previously, as victor over the Moors at Navas de Tolosa).
While De Montfort besieged Toulouse, the Hospitallers even made Raymond an associate of their brotherhood, perhaps hoping to convince other Catholics to stay loyal to him too. The Templars, by contrast, were less supportive. When Raymond had his brother Baldwin hanged for treason, the Templars took down his body and gave it proper Catholic burial. The Preceptor of la Villedieu, meanwhile, protected the Catholic Bishop of Toulouse at his establishment. When he caught wind of a supposed Cathar plot against the Bishop, he had the suspected plotters beaten and expelled from the Preceptory. Meanwhile Simon de Montfort would stay at the Templar house in Montpellier while campaigning against the Cathars in 1215. The Templars may have been grudging hosts, but even so, this hardly suggests strong Cathar sympathies. De Montfort's armies ravaged the region year on year, but failed to quash doctrinal dissent completely. Later Louis VIII of France led a second crusade into the region. He aspired more to impose Capetian supremacy over Toulouse than to uphold the Catholic faith. Templars were among his retinue, although they did not participate in the slaughter.
The military actions were failing to uproot Catharism, so the Church tried another tact. Prior to the Albigensian Crusade the Pope had charged a Spanish Monk, Domingo de Guzman, with founding the Order of Friars Preachers, to counter the message of the Perfecti. Domingo died in 1221 and was soon canonised as Saint Dominic. Pope Gregory IX (1227-41) charged the Dominican Order with conducting the Inquisition, to root out and punish dissenters. Its main purpose was to obtain a confession from someone denounced as a heretic. Suspects would be imprisoned and their property confiscated, to be shared out with local nobility and those who had denounced the suspect. This policy encouraged local rulers to co-operate and ordinary people actively to inform on neighbours. (The system was wide open to abuse. It was also a system loaded against the defendant, who was allowed no advocate and against whom even criminals could give anonymous testimony.)
The presence of the Inquisitors and their myrmidons in the places they visited was much resented by the inhabitants; but they soon created a climate of fear that secured popular collaboration. Those who failed to assist the Inquisition were vulnerable to charges of abetting heresy. Torture was only officially sanctioned in their inquiries in 1252, in Pope Innocent IV's bull Ad Extripanda, but one imagines it was utilised long before. Favourite tools of these interrogator-monks were the rack and the strappado. The latter involved tying a suspects hands behind their back and hoisting them up over a beam or pulley on a chain attached to the wrists, before letting them fall in a series of agonising jolts. Other techniques included the application of flames to the soles of the feet with a movable iron screen to regulate heat intensity, and miscellaneous clamps, vices and screws to crush extremities or prise open orifices.
Heresy suspects, and those who had sheltered them would be rounded up, interrogated, tried, and when convicted, (as was invariably the case) handed to the secular arm for punishment. Under Gregory IX's statutes of 1231, those who confessed would face life imprisonment, while relapsed or recalcitrant heretics would face public burning. True Cathars, it seems, went joyfully into the flames, trusting that death would release their spirits from the snare of this material hell. The Inquisition thus effectively wiped out the Cathar Heresy, though it left a legacy of bitter resentment towards the Catholic Church in the Languedoc. What better way to destroy genuine faith, after all, than to enforce conformity to religious doctrines through terror?
Several defamatory rumours had become attached to the Cathars before the Albigensian war. These included the supposed Cathar belief that the begetting of children was sinful (procreation, for them, meant condemning another angelic soul in a vile material body). They therefore condemned marriage and encouraged sexual practices that would not result in conception. Whether this actually happened or not, Cathars confessed to Sodomy under Inquisition torture and it became accepted that heretics in general were guilty of it. The Inquisition also believed that the Cathars worshipped Satan in the form of a cat, and spat on the cross to show their contempt for the Crucified Christ. (Still wilder tales, - such as suggestions of incestuous orgies, child sacrifice and cannibalism- had also long been used to besmirch various heretical movements. Many of these details coalesced later into the Inquisition's conception of the Sabbat or Black Mass. In the witch hunting era, the Inquisition and its Protestant counterparts would use torture to gain confessions of attending such ghastly rites; this travesty continued well into the early modern period).
The Inquisition spread elsewhere, taking its demonological ideas and sewing the seeds of paranoia. An Inquisitor called Conrad of Magdeberg, for example, caused much trouble in the Rhineland, accusing all and sundry of worshipping a huge black cat. Conrad was eventually murdered on the road by an exasperated Franciscan monk, probably acting at the behest of local nobles who the Inquisitor had begun to trouble. Ultimately the Inquisition became a large bureaucracy, though, reigning in mavericks like Conrad. In France it was retained as part of the state's terror apparatus. The Grand Inquisitor, Guillaume de Paris, was also the personal confessor to King Philip IV (Philip the Fair). By this time (the early 1300s) the Inquisition was at risk of becoming a victim of it's own success, and could not justify its existence unless new threats to God's church could be found for it to act against. The King, meanwhile, was fearful about threats to his absolute authority. The Templars had also lost their purpose- with the loss of the Holy Land. They remained as an uncomfortable reminder of the neglected cause of Jerusalem. They also had amasses great land throughout France and beyond, and wealth that would go a long way to solving Philip IV's financial problems. Moreover, they had helped rebel barons depose a King in Cyprus, might they not one day try the same in the West? These were reasons enough for Philip to arrest them, to accuse them of heresy and to unleash the Inquisition against them.
Philip IV and his chief minister, Guillaume de Nogaret drew up a list of accusations. According to these accusations, the Templars made neophytes spit on the cross at their initiation ceremonies and renounce Christ. They worshipped a cat or a severed head (and wore chord belts that had touched the head) they gave indecent kisses and practiced ritualised sodomy. They disbelieved the Sacraments, they sought gain for their Order by illicit means, and Preceptors who were not ordained Priests heard confessions and gave absolution within the Order.
There were three factors in favour of the King and de Nogaret that enabled them to pull off their conspiracy to destroy the Templars. The first was the persistence of the rumours regarding the Cathars, most of which could be reflected in the accusations against the Templars, which would link the two groups in peoples minds. The second was the Inquisition still being in place. Their refined interrogation and torture technique meant that they could elicit confessions to almost anything from almost anyone. The third was the present weakness of the Papacy. Pope Clement V was all but a puppet of Philip IV. Clement V's predecessor Boniface VIII had been a zealous advocate of Papal Supremacy, which had led to a power struggle with Philip IV. It had come to a dramatic climax in 1303. Philip had sent Guillaume de Nogaret with a company of soldiers to Anagni, to arrest Boniface on fabricated charges of heresy, simony and the murder of the previous Pope, Celestine V. During the episode Pope Boniface VIII had been struck by one of the Colonna delegation accompanying the French soldiers (the Colonna family had long feuded with Boniface's Caetani clan). Boniface was subsequently rescued by his supporters but died four weeks later from trauma. Not even Clement V would lift the excommunication imposed on Guillaume de Nogaret for his role in the scandal.
Popular myth has it that the Templars protected some great secret that had Rome quaking in its boots. Yet it was not Rome that drove the persecution of the Templars. Rome was afraid not of them but of Philip IV. Philip had not consulted the Pope- in whose name he acted- before arresting the Templars. Numerous bishops, fearful for their own standing, left the Templars to the mercy of the King and the French Inquisition. Clement V himself was initially dismissive of the allegations and incensed by the violation of ecclesiastical rights. His cooperation was only secured later as the result of a mixture of bribery and intimidation from the French Court. The Archbishop of Sens, who oversaw the burning of those Templars who professed their innocence and rescinded their confessions, was a Royal appointee. Clearly then, the French Monarch and his advisors, and not the Catholic Church drove the persecution of the Templars.
Throughout the operation against the Templars, the excommunicated de Nogaret had to operate from the shadows. It is hard to think of another individual who inflicted more damage to the standing of the Church than this enigmatic lawyer and politician. In accusing first a Pope and then the foremost Crusader Order of heresy, he effectively turned the Catholic establishment's most damaging weapon against itself. According to Philip IV's propaganda machine (which de Nogaret largely directed), all this was done in the defence of the Faith, by loyal servants of Holy Mother Church. Philip, in reality, was no such thing. He wished to destroy the Templars to strengthen his own position, and to take their land. Guillaume de Nogaret surely encouraged King Philip's bold moves against the Church. There seems to be a reason for his personal animus against the Catholic establishment.
Guillaume De Nogaret would was born in St Felix de Carman, that same town near Toulouse where the Cathar Council was held, long before in 1167. The inquisitorial records for 1236 mention a Cathar minister called Raymond de Nogaret. In the 1440s, several Cathars would be burned alive in St Felix de Carman. Some speculate that De Nogaret's grandfather and parents were amongst them. (Guillaume de Nogaret was also denounced as a Patarin during the Anagni scandal- Patarin being a term for Cathars in Calabria). The irony, in the end, was that the man accusing the Templars of secretly adhering in some way to the Cathar heresy, had his own secret links to the Cathars. He was taking revenge where he could on the Catholic institution that had killed them.
It may have rankled with de Nogaret a little that he had to sup with the Devil to achieve his vengeance; and one wonders if he anticipated that the Inquisition would emerge stronger from the persecution of the Templars. The Inquisition was stronger, apparently vindicated, and poised to stay in business for centuries to come- by persecuting members of a spurious satanic conspiracy. The ensuing witch persecution might have been less wide reaching and destructive had not the trials of the Templars fostered paranoia about humans conspiring against Christianity under the Devil's command. If De Nogaret wanted personal revenge, though, the enduring consequences may not have concerned him excessively. He could not get at the Inquisition so had to transfer his wrath. The Templars had not been the organisation responsible for the persecution of the Cathars- they weren't the ideal group to attack as payback for the massacring of the sect. But equally these knights had hardly done anything to stop it. De Nogaret, who also gained materially from his role in the affair, would have derived some sense of satisfaction from making them suffer.
Many outrageous accusations were fabricated against the Templars,from sodomy and idolatry to consorting with demons. One of the few charges that stuck was relatively unsensational- the practice of lay absolution. In the course of this the Templar was said to beseech forgiveness from the master as God pardonned Mary Magdalene and the thief that was on the cross. This reveals a rather conventional conception of Mary Magdalene among the Templars as a penitent sinner and a symbol of redemption.
Since 1969 the Catholic Church has abandoned the view that Mary Magdalene was identical with Mary of Bethany, and it seems no longer to be official doctrine that the Magdalene was the penitent sinner who annoints Jesus in the Gospel of Luke.Gerard of Nazareth has lost his argument. The saint remains popular, and still attracts pilgrims both to Vezelay and St Maximin near Aix. The idea of her as the redeemed sinner lingers in the religious mainstream, while the Gnostic Magdalene has also made a comeback in popular culture. Since the publication of Baigent Lincoln and Leigh's the 'The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail', and various derivatives including a certain novel, the notion has been abroad that the Knights Templar discovered (perhaps under the ruins of Solomon's Temple, some proof not only of Magdalene's special status but also of a marriage to Christ and the existence of a bloodline, for which the Holy Grail supposedly served as a metaphor. Possession of this 'secret' according to the conspiracy, enabled the Templars to blackmail the Holy See securing their sudden rise to power from obscurity. One searches in vain for compelling evidence that the Templars found any such thing nor that they held wildly heterodox views on the Magdalene's status, even if Gerard's polemic raises the possibility that some of them accepted the Greek view (now also the Catholic view) of her distinctness from Mary of Bethany.
Ironically, meanwhile, the originators of the bloodline conspiracy take seriously the legends that the saint came to the Carmargue, and actually argue for identification of the two Marys. The far-fetched assertion was that Mary, Christ's widow came to the South of France bearing a son whose descendants married into the Merovingian dynasty, thus preserving the 'Davidic Line' through Clovis I and his heirs. (The legend of Mary Magdalene's coming to Gaul could not in fact be taken seriously, as Monsiegneur L. Duchesne demonstrated in the late nineteenth century). The holy bloodline theory goes on to represent Godfrioi de Bouillon as a scion of that supposed dynasty, thus having an ancient claim to the Kingdom of Jerusalem. There is little proof that Christ married Mary Magdalene or had a family. Though the theologian B. Thiering argued for this being the case (also that they divorced), coming to the conclusion on the basis of her idiosyncratic interpretations of the cryptic Dead Sea Scrolls, she failed to substantiate this or any other of her imaginative claims concerning the life of 'Jesus the Man'. It is unclear how the Cathar belief (if such there was) arose that Magdalene was the man Jesus' concubine. What is fairly clear is the view wasn't shared by the Templars, whose own monastic lifestyle was predicated on belief in a celibate Christ.
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